经济学人外刊原稿(7)

The Economist April 14th 2012

tightly meshed", he has written, "that it would be difficult to replace any one of them with an alien component."

The trust and co-ordination may be national properties, but their roots are typically quite local. Before Bismarck, Germany's provinces, principalities and

palatinates often had rulers who were

keen to establish local industries. In 1678 Brandenburg's Great Elector gave Bielefeld the privilege of certifying the quality of local linen, cementing its position as a centre

for the textile trade. Centuries later Beckhoff's first customers made machines for

the furniture industry that had developed out of the crate-making trade that had

grown with the export of textiles.

Dozens of other regions can tell similar

stories, and these concentrations have become part of the country's contemporary

success. On a list of 100 clusters picked by

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