何凯文长难句突破讲义完整版含授课内容(3)

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3充当状语。两个句子主语相同,去掉一个主语,动词做相应的变化。

主动语态:am/is/are-being; was/were-havingbeen; do/does-doing;did-having done

被动语态:bedone-done否定式not 提前;注意:being 可以省略独立主格结构,两个句子主语不同,保留主语,动词做相应的变化,being可以省,也可以加上with 。

Itis hot today。Istay at home。- It beinghot today,Istayat home。

I enterthe house。 A bookis in my hand。- I enter the house,with abook(being省)in myhand。

例:President Bushcampaigned to move Social Security to a saving-accountmodel, (with)retirees trading muchor all oftheir guaranteed payments forpayments depending on investmentreturns. withN.+ving.= trade

布什总统大力的将社会保险变为储蓄模式,退休人员将大量和甚至是全部的有保障的收入换成依靠有投入的收入。

句型:trade A for B. 把A换成B。

How can you not being A know B of A? 你不是A,怎知道A的B。

非正常语序之倒装句:

?倒装句的分析方法

倒装句的定义:动词在句子中的位置和相对位置发生改变。倒装的作用是保持句子的平衡。

倒装句的分类:1部分倒装 2 完全倒装倒装句的处理流程:识别还原

部分倒装:

? 1. 部分倒装的定义/识别:助动词,系动词,情态动词被置于主语前。

2.部分倒装的还原:将助动词,系动词,情态动词还原到主语后。

完全倒装: 1.完全倒装定义:动词前后成分的位置完全倒置。

2.完全倒装的存在环境:

“主+系+表”倒装为“表+系+主”

? 3.能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份

主语n/代词pron/todo/ +系+

ving (单数、复数) 表语 adj.

Adj短语形容词性的结构

ving短语

常见的系动词

Be,come,go,run,walk,lie,crouch,

stand, descend,ascend, become,

4.完全倒装的判断流程

Step 1 形容词性的结构和介词短语/方位副词置于句首,后紧跟系动词,可判定为倒装。

Step 2 ving置于句首后紧跟复数系动词,可判定为倒装。

Step 3ving置于句首后紧跟单数系动词,后接名词性结构,可判定为倒装。

例1:Hereinlay the beginningof turn from ignorance to denialofthe value of nutritionaltherapies in medicine.

例2:Surrounding the columnarethree sepals and three petals,sometimeseasily recognizable as such,oftendistorted

Ving+系动词复数threesepalsand three petalsare surroundingthe column,

intogorgeous, weird, butalways functionalshapes.

例3:Youngpeople inCanada ,today, married andestablished households earlierandbe gan to raise larger families than

hadtheir predecessors duringtheDepression.

例4:Basicto any understanding of Canadain the20 years after theSecond World War isthe country’s impressive

Adj+ 介+n. :形容词短语=定语从句的省略形容词短语+系动词is 倒装

populationgrowth.

Canada ' s impressivepopulationgrowth is Basic toany understanding(了解,理解) ofthe countryin the20 yearsafter the Second World War

句型:Basic to(any understanding )BisA.A是(了解)B的基础。

Statusquo现代

例5:Scattered around theglobe are morethan 100small regions of isolated volcanicactivity known to geologistsas hot spots.

例6.Adding to awoman’s increased doseof stress chemicals areherincreased“oppo rtunities”for stress.

例7:Among thespeciesofseabirds that use the windsweptcliffsto mate,layeggs, and rear their young arecommon

murres , Atlantic puffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,and northern gannets.

例8:Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained(with acertainfidelity)the techniqueand composition

That was most important,adj+系v+介+n1+n2方法和构图原则

consistent withthoseofAmerica’s first popular landscape artist,Thomas Co le, who built a career painting theCatskill

Adj +介+n, 形容词短语现在分词短语修饰career

Mountainscenery bordering the Hudson River.

例10:Indeed, had it not been for the superbpreservation ofthesefossils, theymight well

have beenclassifiedas dinosaurs.

部分倒装,if被省略, had/were提前

例11:All wouldbe well,werereason theonly judgeinthe creationismand evolut ion debate.

If被省略

Snowflakes - by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,

Over the woodlands

brownandbare,

Overthe harvest-fi

elds forsaken,

Silent, andsoft,and s

low

Descends the snow.

Evenas our cloudyfa

ncies takeSuddenly shapeinsome di

vine expression,

Even asthe troubled

heart doth make in the

whitecountenance confe

ssion,

The troubled sky reveals

the grief it feels.

This isthepoem of the

air,

Slowlyin silent syl

lablesrecorded;

thisis the secret of de

spair,

Longin itscloudybos

om hoarded,

now whispered and revealed

towood and field.

?强调句的分析方法

? 1.强调句的构成

It is (was) +被强调对象+that(who)+ 其他成份

时态除动词外人:that /who正常语序

的成份物:that

2.强调句的处理方法将被强调部分还原;去掉强调结构

Ii is clear thatheissmart. 形式主语It is clearly thatheis smart.强调句

例1:It was just a decadebefore this that manydrug companieshad foundtheirvitamin sales skyrocketing and

were quick to supplypracticingphysicians withgenerous samples ofvitamins andliteratureextolling the virtueof

supplementationfora variety of health-related conditions.

例2:It was she, a Baltimore printer,who published the firstofficial copies oftheDeclaration, thefirst copiesthat

includedthenamesofits signers and thereforeheraldedthesupport of all thi rteen colonies.

例3:Thus, (in the American economic system)itis the demand of individual consumers, coupledwiththe desire of 个人消费者的需求商人想最大化利益的渴望

businessmen tomaximize profits and thedesire of inpiduals to maximizetheiri ncomes, that together

个人收入最大化的渴望

determine what shall be produced and how resources areusedtoproduce it.

?省略并列引起省略

例1:It issaid thatinEngland deathis pressing, ()in Canada inevitab leand inCalifornia optional.

据说在英国死亡是迫在眉睫的,death iscanada

例2:Failinghips canbe replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataractsremoved ina30-minute surgical procedure.

例3:(As families moveawayfrom their stable community,their friends of ma ny years, their extended family

(AS引导状语),剥离

relationships,)the informal flowofinformationis cut off, andwith it the confidence ( )that information will be

非正式信息的流动就被切断了,iscut off

availablewhen neededand will be trustworthyandreliable.

句子and句子(主语),主语没有省略,宾语谓语省略,表明和前面的相同。

小结区

1、对句子的完整处理流程

五大基本句型end.

简单句动词定语

正常语序四大成分状语

动词连接词同位语

动非简单句并列省略插入语

句嵌套

子倒装

非正常语序

强调

2、强调:阅读句子时要对关联词和谓语动词敏感。

结语:句子在阅读中的地位?

extensive reading泛读:有选择的主动的阅读Intensive reading精读:扫除障碍

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