上海版牛津英语 8A 第五章 学习辅导材料(11.11)
学 习 新 词 语
Africa n. 非洲 例如:This kind of wild animal lives in Africa only.
这种野生动物只生活在非洲。
同根词:African adj. 非洲的;非洲人的 n. 非洲人
Europe n. 欧洲 例如:Italy is in the south of Europe. 意大利在欧洲南部。 同根词:European adj. 欧洲的;欧洲人的 n. 欧洲人
There are seven continents in the world. They are Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Oceania (Australia),Europe and Antarctic.
世界上有七大洲,它们是:非洲、亚洲、南美洲、北美洲,大洋洲(澳洲)、欧洲和南极洲。 though conj. 虽然;尽管;即使 例如:
I felt very cold, though I was wearing a thick coat.虽然穿着件厚衣服,可我还是觉得很冷。 Though she was in a hurry, she stopped to talk to me. 尽管她很匆忙,但她还是停了下来和我说话。
词义辨析:though 和although
七年级我们学过although的用法,它可用于引导让步状语从句,though 的用法与although相似,简单说明如下:
(1) although 和though在一般情况下可以互换使用,但though 是相对非正式用语,而although 则比较正式,语气比though重, 常用来强调让步的概念。例如: Though /Although my car is very old, I don’t want to buy a new one. 虽然我的汽车很旧了,但我不想买一辆新的。 He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to.
虽然我警告他不要做,但他仍然坚持要做。
(2) 当让步状语从句指某种假设情况时,通常用though而不用although。例如: Though all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion. 就算全世界都反对,我还是要坚持我的立场。
Though everybody deserts you, I will not. 即使所有人都抛弃你,我也不会的。
(3) though 可以独立作副词,常放在句末,意思是all the same(还是;仍然)或however
(可是;然而),而although无此用法。例如:
She didn’t tell me what she had done, but I know it though. 她没有告诉我她所做的事情,但我还是知道的。
It’s hard work, I enjoy it, though . 工作很辛苦,但是我喜欢。
(4) 用although 或though 引导的让步状语从句中,主句都不可再用but。 如果要强调前
后两部分的对比意义,可在主句前加yet 或still。 例如:
Although / Though he has a lot of money, yet / still he is unhappy. 虽然他很有钱,但是他并不快乐。 create v. 创造;创建 例如:
Some people believe God created the world. 有人认为是上帝创造了世界。 They created a new city where there was only desert before. 他们在曾是一片沙漠的地方建起了一座新城市。 同根词:
creation n. 创造 It is a great creation of the science. 这是一个伟大的科学创造。 creator n. 创造者 (the Creator 上帝)
He is the creator of refrigerator. 他是开创制造电冰箱的人。
creative adj. 有创造力的 It is a useful and creative work.
这是个有用的、有创造力的工作。
creativity n. 创造力;艺术创新 The new product is a good creativity.
新作品是一个好的艺术创新。
词义辨析:make; create
make 和create 指“创造”时可换用。但当指“创作;塑造”等意义时,一般用create,而不用make。比较:
[正确] They don’t believe that God create / made man. 他们不相信上帝创造了人。 [正确] He created the characters. 他塑造了这些人物。 [错误] He made the characters.
look up v. (由动词和一个介词或副词构成短语动词,相当于一个动词单词) 意思很多: (1) (在词典、参考书中)查阅 例如:
If there are words you do not understand, look them up in the dictionary.
如果你有认不得的词,可以查词典。
He get hold of a railway timetable and looked up all the trains to Beijing.
他弄到一份列车运行时刻表,查阅了所有去北京车次的时间。
They looked up Xiao Li’s number in the telephone directory.
他们在电话号簿里查了小李的电话号码。 (2) 向上看,仰视(vi.) 例如:
He looked up and nodded to me. 他抬起头来,对我点点头。 Looking up from his book, he said “good morning” to us.
他停止看书,抬起头来向我们说“早晨好”。 (3) 好起来;(价钱)上涨,(东西)涨价(vi.) 例如: Things are looking up. 情况正在好转。
Our chances of success are looking up. 我们取得成功的可能性增大了。 Those goods were then looking up. 那些货物当时正在涨价。 (4) 寻找(vt.) 例如:
We’ve tried to look you up everywhere. 我们到处找你。
He asked me to look up the book and send it to him. 他要我找到这本书给他送去。 (5) 找到并拜访,看望(vt.) 例如:
If you are passing through Shanghai at any time, don’t forget to look me up Here is my
address. 你什么时候路过上海,别忘了来找我,这是我的地址。 (6) 振作起来 例如:
Look up, my old friend, all is not lost. 老朋友,振作起来,还有希望呢。 exist v. 存在;实际上有 例如:
The Roman Empire existed for several centuries. 罗马帝国延续了好几个世纪。
The old lady exists only on coffee and bread.老太太仅靠咖啡面包生活(exist可用live代替) 反义词:extinct v. 灭绝 The dinosaurs have extincted for a long time.恐龙灭绝了好久了。 常用短语:
(1) exist in 存在于……之中 例如:
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