VIETNAMESE AND CHINESE LABOUR REGIMES:ON THE ROAD TO DIVERGE(2)

　　[54]？Constitution of the Trade Unions of the People's Republic of Chinaì，in The Twelfth National Congress of Chinese Trade Unions（Beijing ，1993），pp.58-78.

　　[55]Order of the President of the People's Republic of China ，no.28，July1994（in English）。

　　[56]Article 1in the Law on the Trade Unions ，adopted at the General Assemblyof the Socialist Republic of Vietnam，30June 1990，in Hien Phap nuoc Cong hoaXa hoi Chu nghia Viet Nam 1992[The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam1992]（in English and Vietnamese ）。The implication is that the Party will protectthe workers ，and therefore the role of the unions is to educate workers.See alsoGareth Porter ，Vietnam：The Politics of Bureaucratic Socialism （Ithaca：CornellUniversity Press，1993），p.92.

　　[57]Renmin ribao ，9April 1992，p.3.

　　[58]For example，most of the 18deputies did not endorse the idea that theunions should be responsible for social security management.See FBIS-EAS ，no.110，2January 1990，p.68.

　　[59]However，because trade union funds in some Vietnamese state factorieshave been insufficient to pay the salaries of the workplace union cadres，partof the trade union chairs'salary still derives from the enterprise （field data）。A Shanghai General Trade Union delegation's report on its visit to Vietnam alsonoted that many of the state enterprises'workplace unions continue to be financedby the enterprise.（Shanghai gongyun [Shanghai labour movement]，no.10，1995，pp.41-2.

　　[60]Notably，in many Taiwanese，Hong Kong and Korean-funded enterprises，managers today either adamantly refuse to pay ，or pay only on the condition thatthey control the appointment of the union chair.This information is based on interviewsin 1996in Shanghai and Shenzhen.

　　[61]Vietnam General Federation of Labour ，Constitution of the VietnameseTrade Unions（Hanoi ，November 1993）。For China，see？Constitution of the TradeUnions of the People's Republic of Chinaì，pp.58-78.

　　[62]Constitution of the Vietnamese Trade Unions，Introduction ，p.4.

　　[63]Bo Luat Lao dong cua Nuoc Cong hoa Xa hoi Chu nghia Viet Nam ，LabourCode of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam ，adopted by the National Assembly ofthe Socialist Republic of Vietnam ，23July 1994（National Political PublishingHouse ，1994）。There is an English version translated and published by PhillipsFox ，Melbourne，1994：Labour Law of the People's Republic of China ，adoptedat the 8th National People's Congress ，5July 1994（Jingji ribao [Economics daily]，6July 1994，p.2）。Thanks go to David Peetz for giving us an English versionthat he obtained in 1995from the Chinese government（publisher and date missing）。For a detailed analysis of the Chinese Labour Law ，see David Peetz，？China'sNew Labour Law：Forging Collective Bargaining from the Rusting Iron Rice Bowlì，in Lo Chi Kin ，Suzanne Pepper and Tsui Kai Yuen （eds ），China Reviews 1995（Hong Kong ：The Chinese University Press ，1995），pp.14.1-14.17.

　　[64]Anita Chan ，？The Emerging Patterns ì，p.54.

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