VIETNAMESE AND CHINESE LABOUR REGIMES:ON THE ROAD TO DIVERGE(3)

　　[65]Interview with the preparatory commission of the Vietnamese Labour Codeby Irene Ntrlund in Hanoi ，July 1994.

　　[66]The evidence for heated behind-the-door debates derives from two interviewsin Beijing in 1994：one with an ACFTU official and one with an official of theMinistry of Labour，both of whom were involved in committees responsible for draftingthe Labour Law.Further evidence comes from a meeting held by Beijing's Labour MovementInstitute that same year at which Anita Chan was able to observe the union's internaldiscussion of the draft.The ACFTU's position was definitely pro-labour.

　　[67]Vietnam Investment Review，3-9January 1994.

　　[68]Vietnam Investment Review，30May-5June 1994.

　　[69]Vietnam Investment Review，2-8May 1994.

　　[70]Tu Le，？The Labour Code in the Life of Workers：Interview with Pham GiaThieu ì，Vietnamese Trade Union ，no.4，1994，p.7；Eva Hansson，Trade Unionsand Doi Moi ：The Changing Role of Trade Unions in the Era of Economic Liberalizationin Vietnam（Stockholm ：Department of Political Science，University of Stockholm，Fall 1994），p.22；Nguyen Tri Dung，？Minimum Working Age Fixed at 15ì，VietnamInvestment Review ，6-12June 1994；Lan Thanh，？National Assembly Debates LabourCodeì，Vietnam Investment Review，3-9January 1994，p.21.

　　[71]Anita Chan ，？The Emerging Patternsì，p.54.

　　[72]Tu Le，？The Labour Code in the Life of Workersì，notes that the ILOhad given advice in relation to the formulation of the labour law in Vietnam.Alsosee Vietnam ：Employment and the New Labour Law（Canberra：Department of ForeignAffairs and Trade [Australia]，Southeast Asia section ，Vietnam/Laos section ，October 1994），p.3.In China，the ILO office in Beijing has been actively promotingthe tripartite concept in China.（This information is based on interviews with theILO Beijing director in 1994and on ILO documents on China.）

　　[73]The Chinese law does not have an article on wage deductions，but China's ？Provisional Regulation on the Payment of Wagesìsets the maximum deductions at 20per cent of the monthly wage（issued by China's Ministry of Labour，December 1994）。

　　[74]Vietnam Investment Review，25April-1May 1994.

　　[75]Do Muoi's address to the congress of the VGCL，3November 1993（FBIS-EAS，12November 1993）。This was confirmed during visits to several enterprises inMarch 1996and from September to December 1996.

　　[76]The power relations of these institutions in the state enterprises aredelineated in the Enterprise Law that was passed in 1988（Renmin ribao，16April1988，p.2）。Our comments on how this relationship is working out in the statefirms are based on field observations and conversations with trade union officialsin 1995.A similar trend was noted by You Ji during his field research in 1992：see ？Dismantling Party/State Controls in China's State Enterprises ì，PhD dissertation，Australian National University，1993，pp.40-153.

　　[77]An interview with an ACFTU official in charge of organizational mattersin 1994provided a figure of 20-30per cent ，and the official thought that wasan under-estimate.In mid-1994a report provided a figure of 12per cent of 170，000foreign-funded firms as unionized.See Beijing Review ，vol.37，no.28（11-17July 1994），p.7.But in mid-1995，a year later ，a report stated that 10percent of the 100，000foreign firms that were in operation（out of 200，000thatwere registered ）had unions.Beijing Review ，vol.38，no.20（15-21May 1995），p.19.

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