材料英语复习资料

材料英语 一、英译汉：

1、The competition between forming processes is nowhere more intense than it is in the aircraft-engine market：制造加工工业在飞机引擎市场上的竞争比其他任何地方都激烈

2、For instance,the critical flaw size for most ceramics is less than 100 micrometers in diameters,compared with several millimeters for most metallic alloys：例如，大部分陶瓷临界的缺陷尺寸的直径都小于100微米，而一般金属合金的为几个毫米

3、The implications of increased consumption of advanced materials are not all beneficial：先进材料的消费增长并不总是有益的

4、Effluents,produced by the manufacture of ceramic powders or organic resins from energy feedstocks are not qualitatively different from those emitted in mining and manufacture of ferrous and nonferrous metals ：消耗能源及原料来制备陶瓷粉末及有机树脂时的废物排放与采矿和黑色有色金属制造中造成的污染等有本质区别

5、Although the carcinogenic effects of these materials on human beings have not been documented the smallest fibers used in the production of high-performance ceramics have been shown in controlled laboratory studies to give rise to tumors in the lung lining of animals ：虽然，这些颗粒对人体的致癌尚未报道；但是，实验室研究中发现制备高性能陶瓷时所采用的极细纤维会导致动物肺管中肿瘤的产生

6、Single crystals exist in nature ,but they may also be produced artificially ：单晶体存在于自然界中，也可以人工合成

7、The physical properties of single crystals of some substances depend on the crystallographic direction in which measurements are taken ：一些物质的单晶体的物理性质取决于测量时的晶体方向

8、This directionality of properties is termed anisotropy ,and it is associated with the variance of atomic or ionic spacing with crystallographic direction ：这种性质的去向性被称为各向异性，它与晶体上的离子或原子的间距变化有关

9、The modulus of elasticity values at [100],[110],and[111] orientations for several materials are presented in Table 2.2：一些材料的[100],[110],和[111] 晶向上的弹性模量示于表2.2 10、These are utilized when anisotropic characteristics are desirable ：当我们需要各向异性材料的时候可以采用这种技术 二、汉译英

1、材料是构成或用以制造物品的物质Material are substances of which something is composed or made.

2、金属材料是无机物质，它是有一种或多种金属元素构成的，也可能含有某些非金属物质These materials are inorganic substances which are composed of one or more metallic elements and may also contain some nonmetallic element.

3、这种结构严重的影响材料的强度、韧性、电气性能及开裂和受腐蚀的倾向：This patten strongly affects the strength ductility and electrical properties of materials ad well as the tendency to crack corrode.

4、影响枝蔓晶生长的一个关键因素熔融金属的热对流：A key factor influencing the growth of dendrite is the convective currents of hest flowing of molten metal 5、在一段时期内，出现了许多因素，使得一种材料能够在某些用途上取代另一种材料：Over a period of time ,many factors arise which make it possible for one metal to replace another for certain applications

6、透射电镜学一直是最广泛的用于观察位错和其他晶体缺陷(如：层错、孪晶和晶界、空位)的技术 ：Transmission has been the technique most widely used for the observation of dislocation and other crystal defects (such as stacking facdts twin and again boundariss and voids)

7、一般情况下研究的是缺陷的静态排列：Static arrangements of defects are usually studied 8、在有些情况下，用微型拉伸显微镜台使试样在显微镜内变形（长度小于3mm），从而可以直接观察位错的相互作用和增加的过程：In some cases ,miniaturized tensile stage have been used to deform specimens (less than 3 mm is length) within a microscope , this providing direct interaction and multiplication

9、只要试样能被制得非常薄并能在高真空和高能电子束的照射下保持稳定，透射电镜就可以拥有许多材料的分析 ：Transmission electron microscopy is applicable to a wide range of materials provided that specimens can be prepared in very this section and they remain stable when exposed to abeam of high-energy electrons within a high vacuum

10、只有用能量为1MeV的高压电子显微镜才可以超越这一电子穿透性的极限，但穿透力也只能达到其大约5倍 ：Only by high-voltage microscopes of energy 1MeV can these limits for electron transparency can be exceeded and then only by about 5 times 三、单词

Materials science and engineering材料科学与工程

Concrete 混凝土Hypersonic高超音速的Mach 马赫Titanium钛Zinc锌Nickel镍Chromium铬Tungsten钨Matrix基体Composite复合材料Metal matrix composite金属基复合材料

Refractory耐高温的，难熔的Intermetallic金属间化合的Fabricate制作；组合I beam 工字梁Polyetherimide 聚醚酰亚胺Polyetheretherketone聚醚醚酮Corrosion腐蚀Spectrum频谱，光谱Demarcation分界；划分Discipline原理；学科Metallurgy冶金学Ceramics陶瓷学Polymer高分子聚合物Metallic金属的Polymeric聚合的Ceramic陶瓷的Inorganic无机的Crystalline水晶的；结晶状的Ductile有韧性的；可塑的Ferrous含铁的Turbine叶轮机；汽轮机Propulsion推进，推进器Molecular分子的Insulator绝缘体Insulative绝缘的Decomposition分解Brittleness易碎；脆弱Friction摩擦力Furnace lining炉衬Tile瓷砖，瓦片Ascent上升Compatible协调的，一致的Resin树脂Interface分界面Epoxy环氧的Miniaturize使小型化Welding焊接的Reversal颠倒，相反Profound意味深长的；渊博的Smelt熔炼，精炼Scarcity缺乏Implementation贯彻，完成Circumvent防止.......发生；智取Burgeon发展；发芽Envision想象，展望Recourse求助Obsolete已废弃的，过时的Fender（汽车的)保险杠Bulk容积Paradoxical悖论的，自相矛盾的High-strength，low-alloy steel高强度低合金钢Concomitantly伴随地Ion离子Array排列Solidification固化Lattice格子；点阵Coincide相符，一致Entity实体Parallelepiped平行六面体Prism棱柱，角柱Aggregate聚集；总计；结合体Symmetry对称（性）Face-centered面心的Body-centered体心的Hexagonal六边形的Diagonal对角线的；斜的Coordination number配位数Atomic packing factor致密度Depict描绘，描述Imperfection不完整性Deviation偏离，偏差Dimensionality维数；因次Self-interstitial间隙（原子）Interstitial间隙的Dislocation位错Terminate终结Edge dislocation刃型位错Perpendicular垂直的Screw dislocation螺型位错Mixed dislocation混合位错Crystallographic结晶的Grain boundary晶界Twin boundary孪晶界Stacking faults堆垛层错Schematically纲要地Adjacent相邻的Subgrain亚晶界Impurity杂质Polycrystalline多晶的Controlled rolling 控制轧制Inclusion 杂质Yield strength 屈服强度Eliminate 消除Pearlite 珠光体Toughness 韧性Overwhelming 压倒性的；无法抵抗的Austenite 奥氏体Dispersion 弥散；分散Nitride 氮化物Solubility 溶解度Readily 稳定地Ferrite 铁素体Precipitation 沉淀Slab 厚板Combination组合Equilibrium平衡态Pertinent有关的，相干的Denominator分母

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