一般过去时和现在完成时的区别

一般过去时和现在完成时的区别

前者表示过去已经做了的事,后者表示过去某一时刻正在做的事 一般过去时往往是表示过去的几个时间点； 过去进行时表示的是过去的一个时间点。 比较过去时与现在完成时

1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不确定的时间状语

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例：

I saw this film yesterday.

（强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film.

（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early?

（强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasn't handed in his paper?

（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 过去完成时

1） 概念：表示过去的过去

----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前 那时 现在 2） 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示\原本…，未能…\

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before.

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. \把书忘在办公室\发生在\去取书\这一过去的动作之前，因此\忘了书\这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在\同学们正忙于…\这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此 前一句应用过去进行时。

注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就…… had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it 二、特征词 already(肯定句)

yet(否定句和疑问句) never，ever(疑问句)

just (谓语动词之前) before(句末）

so far= up to now, by now（到如今，迄今为止） in the past/last few years, (过去几年来)

these days（这几天）

since/ever since（自从，从那时起） for+ 时间段 :for two years 时态填空：

1.Are you sure you _______________(lose) the book?----Yes, I ___________(look) for it everywhere, but I still can’t find it.

2.We ___________ already ___________(copy) these words.

3. Jim _______________(just, watch) a football match. He is so tired and hungry. 4. ___________you ever _____________(travel) on a train? 5. ---______ they _______(see) the film yet? ---Yes.They_____________(see) it already.

----When______they______(see) it? ----They _______(see)it just now. 6.---- ________ her sister ____________(be) to Nanning? ----No,she_________( never,be) there before.

五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时与一般过去时都表示“动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：

（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。

He has learned French for three years.他学法语已经三年了。 He learned French for three years.他曾经学过三年法语。

Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it.谁拿走了我的包？我找不到了？ He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。

The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。 （2）现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。 He has done some washing yesterday. He did some washing yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。

六、现在完成时与一般过去时练习

1. --- Where __you __ (put) the book? I can’t see it anywhere. --- I ___(put) it right here. But now it’s gone.

A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put

2. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

3. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here? A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you

C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been

4. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to. A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were

5. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work. A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found

6. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten

C. had spoken; had forgotten C. had spoken; have forgotten 7.—I’m sorry, Mary, I ______ your radio for such a long time. —Never mind.

A. keep B. kept C. have kept D. am keeping 8. —Where have you ______ these days? —I have ______ to Yangzhou with my friends. A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone

9. —Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other for weeks. —______.

A. He has been to America B. He has gone to England

C. He is going to Australia D. He would visit my grandparents 10. They have ______ since the factory opened. A. left the school B. joined the team C. become workers D. worked here 11. Jim ______ the Great Wall many times. A. went to B. goes to

C. has gone to D. has been to

12. It ______ ten years since they ______ to France. A. was, moved B. was, have moved C. is, have moved D. is, moved 13. —______ to the United States?

—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. A. Have you been B. Have you gone C. Did you go D. Will you go

14. .I won’t go to see the film tonight because I ______ my ticket. A. didn’t lose B. have lost

C. will lose D. didn’t have

15. Miss Wu has taught in this school ______. A. for ten years B. ten years ago

C. since ten years D. for ten years ago

16. I ______ today’s homework already. What about you? A. have finished B. finish C. to finish D. Finishing

17. —Ann has gone to Shanghai. —So ______ her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have

用所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao (hurry) off to look after the man. 2. Jim (make) many friends since he (come) to China. 3. They ______(know) each other for about ten years.

4. He ______ already ______(write) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise. 5. —When ______ she ______(leave)? —Two hours ago.

6. —______ you ______(see) the film before? —Yes, I ______.

—Where ______ you ______(see) it? —At The Queen’s Cinema.

7. —Thank you all the same, Mr. Black, but I don’t eat sweets. —Oh, I am sorry. I ______(not know) that.

8. They usually ______(go) fishing when they lived there. 9. How long ______ she ______(be) ill?

10. They didn’t start to work in the field until the rain ______(stop).

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