高考时态语态语法点(师)

动词的时态和语态

一般现在时 主动 do/does 被动 am/is /are + done 常用时间状语 often, always, usually, every day, sometimes等 一般过去时 did was/were + done yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now等 一般将来时 shall/will + do shill/will +be +done soon, next week, tomorrow,等 am/is/are going to am/is/are going to be do 现在进行时 am/is/are + doing done am/is/are + being + now, at the moment, always等 done 现在完成时 have/has + done have/ has +been + recently, lately, so far, just, already, done yet, in the past/last ten/few years等 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去进行时 would + do had +done was/were + doing would be done had been done the next week等 by表示过去的过去 was/were + being + from 9 to 10,when,at seven last done night, while等 these days等表示从过去某一点到现在一直在 表示过去的过去一直在 现在完成进行时 have/has+ been+doing 无被动 过去完成进行时 had+ been+ doing 无被动 将来完成时 shall/will done +have shall/will+have been 一般用by+将来的时间或by the done time…, before或when等引导的副词从句 将来进行时 shall/will +doing +be shall/will be being done soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow evening等 一、 动词的种类

1） 主+系动词（be/look/sound/smell/taste/get/turn/become/grow/keep）+表语 2） 主语+不及物动词 3） 主语+及物动词+宾语

4） 主语+及物动词+双宾语（人，物）

5） 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补（宾语与宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系） 只有及物动词才有被动语态 例句：

1） 一般现在时 People speak English all over the world. English is spoken all over the word.

2)一般过去时 When I was a child ,I often played football in the street.

Wherever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.在布朗一家旅游期间无论到哪都受到热情的欢迎。 3)一般将来时 What are you going to do?=What will you do? What is going to be done?=What will be done?

4)现在进行时 They are having a meeting.(注意have ，let没有被动语态)

She is always changing clothes.她老是换衣服。（表示责怪） He is always working hard.他工作总是很努力。（表示赞扬） 5.）现在完成时 I have seen the film many times. The film has been seen many times.

Great changes have taken place in the past/last 30 years.在过去的30年中国发生了巨大的变化。

6）过去将来时 He said he would finish the work soon. He said the work would be finished soon. 7) 过去完成时 By the end of last term we had finished the book. By the end of last term the book had been finished. 8）过去进行时 What were you doing at nine last night?

The radio was being repaired when you called me.

9) 现在完成进行时 What have you been doing these days? 这几天你一直在干什么？ I have been reading a book. 我一直在看一本书。

10 过去完成进行时 I received the letter (which/that) I had been expecting.我收到了我一直在等的信。

11) 将来完成时 We will have learned more than 3000 English words by the end of this year.到今年年底我们将学了3000个英语单词。

12）将来进行时 ---At 10 tomorrow morning I will come to see you.

----明天早晨10点我来看你。

---No. I will be having a meeting at that time tomorrow.

---不行。明天那时候我将正在开会。

? 几种易混时态的辨析 1． 一般现在时与现在进行时

一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的行为。 而现在进行时则具有进行性、

未完成性和暂时性的特点。如：

On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door.

如：

The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building ________ now.

A．remains B．is remained C．is remaining D．has been remained 【解析】 A 考查动词用法及时态。remain作不及物动词用，表示“剩下，仍有”，

只能用于主动语态，不可直接跟宾语。结合语境应用一般现在时表示现状。

2． 一般过去时和现在完成时

一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。如： I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing

now. )

I have stayed in Beijing for five days and haven't decided where to go next. (I

am still in Beijing now and don't know where to go next.) 如：

—I'm sorry，but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?

—Sorry，I ________myself clear. We want to return on October 20.

A．hadn't made B．wouldn't make C．don't make D．haven't made 【解析】 D 本题考查时态和情景交际。答句句意为：抱歉，我还没有把我的意思表

达明白，强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时态。

3． 一般过去时和过去进行时

一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或过去存在的状态。过去进行时则表示在过去某个时

间点或时间段正在做某事。进行时具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。 如：

I read a book last month. (书已经在过去某个时间点读完) I was reading a book last month. (书未读完)

— Has Sam finished his homework today? — I have no idea. He ________it this morning.

A．did

B．has done C．was doing

D．had done

【解析】 C 此题容易误选A。根据I have no idea这一关键信息可知，说话者对是

否完成并不知道，因此用进行时，表示今天上午在做。

4． 一般过去时和过去完成时

判断是不是过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示“过去”的时间点或动作①，然后判断

在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作②，并且判断该句是否强调②发生在①前。

The moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.

5． 完成时和完成进行时的用法比较

现在完成时和过去完成时分别表示某一动作持续到现在或过去某一时间。现在完成进行

时和过去完成进行时虽然也表示一个动作持续到现在或过去某一时间，但更强调动作的持续性。完成时强调动作的结果，完成进行时强调动作的延续。 如：

(1) —Why does the river smell terrible?

—Because the water________.

A．have polluted B．is being polluted C．has been polluted D．have been

polluted

【解析】 C 考查完成时和完成进行时的用法和主谓一致。根据问句可知所填动词表

示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是the water，谓语动词用单数，选C。

(2) He ________ articles for our newspaper these years, and he ________about 40 articles.

A．has written；has written B．has been writing；writes

C．is writing；has been writing D．has been writing；has written 【解析】 D 考查完成时和完成进行时的用法。由句意知“这些年他一直在写”，用

has been writing；“已写完了”用has written。

时态答题技巧

技巧1 熟练掌握常见的固定句型

在一些固定句型中，对谓语动词的时态有特别的规定，我们可以把这作为判断时态的一

个依据。如下面的常见句型：

1．This/It/That is the first/second/last...time＋that...如主句中动词用is，则that从句中动词用现在完成时；如主句中动词用was，则that从句动词用过去完成时。

This is the first time I have visited China.这是我第一次参观中国。

It was the first time I’d had visitors since I’d moved to London.那是我搬到伦敦以后第一次有人来看我。

2．主句＋since ＋从句。在该句型中，主句常用现在完成时，(若主句主语是it或表示时间的词时，还可用一般现在时)，since从句常用一般过去时(偶尔会出现用现在完成时的情况)。

Cath hasn’t phoned since she went to Berlin. Cath自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。 It is three years since I joined the army. 我参军3年了。

3．It is (high) time that...在that从句中常用动词过去时或should do。 It’s time that we went to school. 到我们上学的时间了。

4．It ＋ be...before...这种结构意为“要……时间才……”或“在……时间以后才……”。若be动词用一般过去时，则before从句中常用一般过去时；若be动词用将来时，则before从句中常用一般现在时。

It will be a long time before we meet again. 要过很久我们才能重逢。

It was half a year before I heard from him. 半年之后我才收到他的信。

5．hardly/scarcely...when...；no sooner...than...在这两个句型中，when从句和than从句中常用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时。意为“一……就……”。

No sooner had I left than he came.

他一来我就离开了。

6．was/were about to do...when...在when从句中常用一般过去时。 I was about to leave when he came. 我正要离开这时他来了。

[考题印证]

The book has been translated into thirty languages since it________on the market in 1973.

B．has come C．came

D．comes

A．had come

答案 C解析 句意为：自从1973年上市以来，这本书已经被翻译成了30种语言。主句是现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，表示动作发生在过去。

技巧2 利用试题中提供的时间状语确定时态

时态往往和一些特定的时间状语连用。如：every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday等常和一般现在时连用；...ago, the other day, in 2006, last week, just now等常和一般过去时连用；now, at present, at this time等常和现在进行时连用；tomorrow, next week, in ＋时间段等常和一般将来时连用；by the end of last week, before I went there等常标志着过去完成时。同时要注意，像副词always, forever, constantly等常与进行时连用，表示说话者的赞扬、批评、生气等语气。 [考题印证]

—Why do you know the company so well? —Oh，I________there for three years.

A.worked B.would work C.had worked D.was working 答案 A

解析 有些考生认为“for three years”是完成时的标志，于是误选C。其实，过去完成时

表示过去某个时间点之前的情况，显然与语境不符，因此正确答案为A。

技巧3 利用上下文语境推测时态

很多试题中没有时间状语，但是我们可以从试题所提供的语言环境或上下文来推测出动作发生的时间或从双方的交谈中“捕捉”到时间点，这就要求学生要有宏观把握句子和分析句子的能力。 [考题印证]

—Were you surprised by the ending of the film?

—No.I________the book，so I already knew the story.(2010·安徽，28) A．was reading C．am reading 答案 B

解析 句意为：——你对这部电影的结局惊讶吗？——不，我已经读过这本书，早知道结局了。从上下文句意看，应用过去完成时。

技巧4 利用时态的呼应来把握时态

若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态常用与过去相关的时态(表客观事实、科学真理的从句总用一般现在时)；若主句是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态不受主句的限制，可根据需要选用时态。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，若主句为一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时表将来，或主句为过去时，则从句也用相对应的过去时。

He said that he had helped Tom. 他说他已经帮过汤姆了。

I think he is ill today.我认为他今天病了。 You will fail the test if you don’t work hard. 如果你学习不努力，你考试会不及格。 [考题印证]

B．had read D．have read

If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you________fresh watermelon in the fall.

(2010·浙江，5)

A．eat

B．would eat

C．have eaten D．will be eating 答案 D

解析 句意为：如果你春天播下西瓜种子，那么(整个)秋天就会吃上新鲜的西瓜了。因为从句用了一般现在时代替将来时，那么主句就要用一般将来时。因in the fall在此句中意为“在整个秋天”，相当于during the fall，强调了完整的时间段，故用will be eating将来进行时，表示在未来一段时间内一直进行的动作或存在的状态。

用所给词的适当形式填空

1． Jack________(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.

答案 was working [考查时态。句意：杰克正在实验室里工作这时突然停电了。此题考查到句型be doing...when...结构。由occurred可知停电是发生在过去的某一具体时刻，故用was working。]

2．—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars.We________(wait)here for more than two hours.

答案 have been waiting [考查时态。句意：——请问，你们在等哪场电影？——最新的《星际大战》，我们在这儿已经等了两个小时了。由句中时间状语for more than two hours 可知，动作从过去延续到现在，并对现在产生直接影响，且动作还可能延续，故用现在完成进行时。]

3． I________(read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. 答案 have read [考查时态。句意：我已经读完这本英文小说的一半了，我会争取在

周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作，与现在有联系，故用现在完成时。] 4． The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts________ (reward) success in the end.

答案 will be rewarded [考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直努力学习他们的功课，他们的努力终将得到成功的回报。由句意可知，reward这一动作发生在have been working之后，故用将来时态，reward和efforts之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。]

5． Night milk quickened the start of sleep and ________(cause) the mice to sleep longer.

答案 caused [考查时态，和前面的quickened并列关系。] 6． The giant panda________(love) by people throughout the world.

答案 is loved [全世界的人都喜欢大熊猫。这里用一般现在时表示现状，panda与love之间为被动关系。]

7． More efforts, as reported，________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply－side structural reform.

答案 will be made [考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年内要做出更大的努力去加快供给侧结构改革。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知，此处要用一般将来时，再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系。] 8． Dashan, who________(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand－up tradition.

答案 has been learning [考查现在完成进行时的用法。句意：大山已经学习中国喜剧文化——相声几十年了，他希望把相声与西方喜剧整合起来。根据时间状语for decades

可知，表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到将来)，故此处要用现在完成进行时。]

9． Silk ________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.

答案 had become [考查动词的时态。句意：到大约公元前 100 年时丝绸已成为沿丝绸之路进行交易的主要货物之一。by＋过去时间作状语，谓语应用过去完成时态。] 10． When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that ________(reflect) my interest.

答案 reflected [考查时态。句意：当最后决定选一门课程时，我决定申请那个反映兴趣的课程。主句用的一般过去时，从句也如此。]

11． The real reason why prices ________(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

答案 were [句意：价格过去和现在仍然过高的原因是复杂的，没有简短的讨论可以令人满意地解释这个问题。根据and still are可以推断出空白处是对过去时态的考查。] 12． As you go through this book, you ________(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.

答案 will find [句意：在你浏览这本书时，你会发现经历二战的数百万人的经历各不相同。as引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候”，在从句中使用的是一般现在时，所以主句使用一般将来时，即所谓“主将从现”，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时。]

13． I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”

答案 asked [句意：在我问“现在你想让我干什么？”时，我无法掩饰自己的迫切心

情。从句中的时态应该和主句中的时态保持一致，而不是和直接引语中的时态保持一致。] 14． He must have sensed that I ________(look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”

答案 was looking [句意：他一定是感到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，然后平静地说：“为什么这样盯着看我？” must have done是对过去情况的推测，that后面应该使用过去时，再根据后面“为什么这样盯着看我？”所使用的时态为进行时，可知此处为过去进行时。]

15． I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.

答案 was held [句意：我有一种强烈的进去玩玩具的冲动，但是幸亏被橱窗拦住了。前面had 是一般过去时，此处是并列谓语，也应该使用一般过去时；hold back和主语I之间是被动关系，所以使用被动语态。] 16．—Did you enjoy the party?

—Yes.We ________(treat)well by our hosts.

答案 were treated [句意：——你们聚会玩得快乐吗？——是的，主人招待我们很好。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。故该空用一般过去时的被动语态。 ]

17． In the last few years, China ________(make)great achievements in environmental protection.

答案 has made [句意：在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。由“in the last few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。] 18．—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?

—Not really.She ________(give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. 答案 had given [句意：——你们找到安的家有困难吗？——真的没有，她已经给了我们清晰的说明，我们能够很容易地找到它。由句意可知give这一动作发生在“我们找安的家之前”，故用过去完成时。]

19．—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right.I ________(call)him later.

答案 will call [句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在他的办公室里。——好的，过一会儿我再给他打电话。由句中的later可知此处要用一般将来时。]

20． Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he ________(go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. 答案 was going to [句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年。小时候，几乎没有人想到他会成为一个其理论将会改变世界的科学家。根据语境可知，此处要用过去将来时。] 21．—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?

—I went to Ningxia and________(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer. 答案 stayed

22． Since the time humankind started gardening，we ________(try) to make our environment more beautiful. 答案 have been trying

23．—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?

—Well，the media ________ (cover) it in a variety of forms. 答案 have covered

24． Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time－consuming than we________(expect)． 答案 had expected

25． They made up their mind that they________(buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs. 答案 would buy

26． Hurry up! Mark and Carol ________ (expect) us. 答案 are expecting

27． We are confident that the environment ________(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 答案 will be improved

28． They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________(rebuild)．

答案 is being rebuilt [句意：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用现在进行时态，且house与动词rebuild之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。]

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