Unit 1Never Say Goodbye
Section One Pre-reading Activities .................................................................................................... 2
I. Reading aloud ......................................................................................................................... 2 II. Cultural information .............................................................................................................. 2 III. Audiovisual supplement ....................................................................................................... 2 Section Two Global Reading .............................................................................................................. 4
I. Main idea................................................................................................................................ 4 II. Structural analysis ................................................................................................................. 4 Section Three Detailed Reading ........................................................................................................ 5
Text I .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Section Four Consolidation Activities .............................................................................................. 16
I. Vocabulary Analysis .............................................................................................................. 16 II. Grammar Exercises .............................................................................................................. 21 III. Translation exercises .......................................................................................................... 24 IV. Exercises for integrated skills .............................................................................................. 25 V. Oral activities ....................................................................................................................... 26 VI. Writing Practice .................................................................................................................. 27 VII. Listening Exercises ............................................................................................................. 29 Section Five Further Enhancement ................................................................................................. 31
I.Text II ..................................................................................................................................... 31 II. Memorable Quotes ............................................................................................................. 33
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Section One Pre-reading Activities
I. Reading aloud
Listen and read the following sentences, paying attention to the pauses between sense groups.
1. When I was ten / I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the only home / I had ever known.
2. ―It isn’t easy, / is it, Billy?‖ / he said softly, / sitting down on the steps beside me.
3. I was standing by his rosebush / when an uncle came to tell me / that my grandfather had died. 4. It's that special place in your heart / that makes them so.
5. ― ... We seem to have so many ways of saying goodbye / and they all have one thing in common: / sadness.‖
II. Cultural information
Quote
Bertrand Russell: Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it — so at least it seems to me — is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal.
Henry David Thoreau: The failures and reverses which await men — and one after another sadden the brow of youth — add a dignity to the prospect of human life, which no Arcadian success would do.
III. Audiovisual supplement
Watch a video clip and answer the following questions. 1. What are the people doing in the video? 2. How did the boys feel?
3. Have your family ever moved from one place to another? If you have, how did you feel when you were going to be away from the old place?
Answers to the questions:
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1. The mother and her three children were moving to a new place.
2. Simon felt excited about moving to a large house because he wanted to keep some bigger pets. But Jared was not happy about the moving. / He was angry about it. 3. Students are encouraged to answer this question freely.
Video Script:
Mom: There it is. Pretty much … how I remember it! I was younger than you last time I was here,
Simon.
Mallory: Well … it’s … big.
Simon: Yes! So I can get bigger pets here, right, Mom? Mom: Sure, get a cow! Get a whole flock! Simon: Herd.
Mom: That, too. What do you think, Jared? ... Jared? ... OK, here we go!
Simon: It’s OK, Mr. Tibbs. It’s OK. … Oh, it has that old people smell. … It’s just an observation,
not a judgment.
Mom: You’re angry about the move. I get that. Just what are you expecting your silent protest will
get you? … At least acknowledge this isn’t the way to deal with your anger the way you said you were gonna do. Say yes with your head. Two blinks. … Nothing. [sigh] Mal, you and Simon take your stuff. Wait in the foyer while I go look for the main circuit breaker. Mallory: OK, Mom. … Get out of the car right now! Jared: You are not my mother, Mallory!
Mallory: No, I’m worse. Because Mom doesn’t believe in hitting!
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Section Two Global Reading
I. Main idea
What is the story narrated in the text about?
The story told by the author is about how his grandfather, with his own life experience, helped him to overcome the sadness he felt when he was about to leave his old house, and opened his eyes to the truth of his advice that one should never say goodbye to those who were dear to him.
The text conveys the message that we should never give in to bitterness or sadness, we should always be firm and strong-willed, and that we should always remember the happy moments in our lives and cherish friendship.
II. Structural analysis
1. How are the events of the essay arranged? List some words and phrases which indicate the chronological order.
The story is related in a chronological order with a flashback in the middle part.
Words and phrases which indicate a chronological order: when I was ten, When the final day came, I continued to, a year and half later, then, when it came to my turn, … Words and phrases which indicate a flashback: a long, long time ago, one day, …
2. Based on the time phrases found above, divide the text into parts by completing the table. Time Paragraph(s) Event The author was to leave his big old house. The author was anguish about the move. His grandfather advised him not to use the word ―goodbye‖ to friends, for it implied sadness. The author’s grandfather took him to see the huge red rosebush in the front yard. Grandfather recalls the death of his first son and his response to it. The dying old man parted with his grandson calmly and even cheerfully without saying the word ―goodbye‖. when I was ten, 1 When the final 2-4 day came I continued to 5-9 a long, long 10-13 time ago a year and half 14-20 later 4
Section Three Detailed Reading
Text I
Never Say Goodbye
1 When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the only
home I had ever known. My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with the laughter and tears of four generations1.
2 When the final day came, I ran to the haven of the small back porch and sat alone,
shuddering, as tears welled up from my heart. Suddenly I felt a hand rest on my shoulder2. I looked up to see my grandfather. “It isn’t easy, is it, Billy?” he said softly, sitting down on the steps beside me.
3 “Grandpa,” I replied through my tears, “how can I ever say goodbye to you and all my
friends?”
4 For a moment he just stared off into the apple trees. “Goodbye is such a sad word,” he
said. “It seems too final, too cold, for friends to use. We seem to have so many ways of saying goodbye and they all have one thing in common: sadness.”
5 I continued to look into his face. He gently took my hand in his. “Come with me, my
friend,” he whispered.
6 We walked, hand in hand, to his favorite place in the front yard, where a huge red
rosebush sat conspicuously alone.
7 “What do you see here, Billy?” He asked.
8 I looked at the flowers, not knowing what to say, and then answered, “I see something
soft and beautiful, Grandpa.”
9 Kneeling, he pulled me close. “It isn’t just the roses that are beautiful, Billy. It’s that
special place in your heart that makes them so.” 10 His eyes met mine again. “Billy, I planted these roses a long, long time ago — before your mother was even a dream3. I put them into the soil the day my first son was born. It was my way of saying thank you to God. That boy?s name was Billy, just like yours. I used to watch him pick roses for his mother4.”
11 I saw my grandfather’s tears. I had never seen him cry before. His voice became hoarse. 12 “One day a terrible war came, and my son, like so many sons, went away to fight a great
evil. He and I walked to the train station together ... Three months later a telegram came. My son had died in some tiny village in Italy. All I could think of was that the last thing I said to him in this life was goodbye.”
13 Grandpa slowly stood up. “Don’t ever say goodbye, Billy. Don’t ever give in to the
sadness and the loneliness of that word. I want you to remember instead the joy and the happiness of those times when you first said hello to a friend. Take that special hello and lock it away within you — in that place in your heart where summer is an always time5. When 5
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15 16 17 18 19 20
you and your friends must part, I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first hello.”
A year and half later, my grandfather became gravely ill. When he returned from several weeks in the hospital, he wanted his bed next to the window, where he could see his beloved rosebush.
Then the family was summoned and I returned to the old house. It was decided that the oldest grandchildren would be allowed to say their goodbyes.
When it came to my turn, I noted how tired he looked. His eyes were closed and his breathing was slow and hard.
I took his hand as gently as he had once taken mine. “Hello, Grandpa,” I whispered. His eyes slowly opened.
“Hello, my friend,” he said, with a brief smile. His eyes closed again and I moved on.
I was standing by his rosebush when an uncle came to tell me that my grandfather had died. Remembering Grandpa's words, I reached deep within me for those special feelings that had made up our friendship6. Suddenly, and truly, I knew what he had meant about never saying goodbye — about refusing to give in to the sadness.
Paragraphs 1-4 Questions
1) What do you know about the author’s home? (Paragraph 1)
The author’s home was a large old house, in which four generations had lived in harmony and experienced both happiness and sadness.
2) Why did the author shudder and shed tears when the final day came? (Paragraph 2)
Because he was extremely reluctant to leave and could not bear to say goodbye to his grandfather and his friends as well as to his big old house.
3) Why did his grandfather advise him not to use the word ―goodbye‖ to friends? (Paragraph 4) Because the word ―goodbye‖ seemed too final, too cold, for friends to use and it implied sadness.His grandfather wanted him to recall the joy and happy events of the life instead of feeling sad and miserable.
Words and Expressions
1. confront: vt.
1) be faced with and have to deal with
e.g. The actress was confronted by a large group of reporters as she left the stage door.
Whenever we are confronted with any difficulties, we shouldn’t give up what we are doing. 2) force to deal with or accept the truths of; bring face to face with
e.g. When the police confronted her with the evidence, she confessed she was guilty. Collocations:
be confronted with confront sb. with sth. Synonyms: encounter, face
2. anguish: n. very great pain and suffering, esp. of the mind
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e.g. Lear, a broken, confused old man, died in anguish.
李尔王，这位身心交瘁、精神恍惚的老人在痛苦中死去。 Derivations:
anguished: adj. anguish: vt. Synonyms: pain, suffering
Exercise: Choose the proper word to fill in each blank in the following sentences. anguish anguished
(1) Outsiders will find it hard to imagine the mental ___________ we had to go through. (anguish)
(2) A(n) ________ look appeared on her face. (anguished) (3) She was in _______ over her missing child. (anguish)
3. gracefully: adv.
1) in an attractively and effortlessly fine and smooth manner
e.g. Already in her fifties, she danced gracefully on the stage last night, attracting a large
audience.
The figure skater glided gracefully on the ice. 花样滑冰者在冰上优雅地滑行。
2) in a way that shows willingness to behave fairly and honorably e.g. The request was gracefully refused.
这个请求被有礼貌地回绝了。 Derivations: graceful: adj. grace n.
Comparison: gracious, graceful
graceful: moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having an attractive shape or form
gracious: behaving in a polite, kind, and generous way, especially to people of a lower rank.
Thank you for your__________ hospitality. (gracious) The lady of small waist is elegant and _______.( graceful)
4. touch: vt.& vi.
1) put one’s hand onto sth. or sb. else
e.g. Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.
2) have an effect on one’s feelings; cause one to feel pity, sympathy, etc. e.g. Her plight has touched the hearts of people around the world. 她所处的困境牵动着全世界人民的心。 The environmental problems touch us all. 这些环境问题与我们所有人都有关。 Collocation:
be touched with
e.g. Her hair is touched with grey.
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他有些灰发了。 Derivations: touched: adj. touching: adj.
5. shudder: vi. shake uncontrollably for a moment, esp. from fear, cold, or dislike shudder at/with
She shuddered at the sight of the dead body. 她一看到那具尸体就不寒而栗。 Comparison: shudder, shake
shudder: vi. It suggests a more intense shaking,which is less noticeable to an onlooker. shake: vt.& vi. It suggests sth. that is done to as well as by a person or object.
People still ______ at the thought of that terrible earthquake. (shudder) The tree branches were _______ in that sudden gust of wind. (shaking)
6. well: vi. flow or start to flow (outflow) e.g. Strong emotions welled up. Collocation: well out/up/forth
She was so moved that her tears welled out(up/forth) from her eyes. 她感动得泪如泉涌。
7. rest on/upon
1) lean on; to be supported by
e.g. She sat down and rested her feet on the chair.
2) (esp. of a proof, argument, etc.) be based on; be grounded on; depend on e.g. His hopes rest on the leader.
他的希望全寄托在领导者的身上。
e.g. Our policy should rest on the basis of self-reliance. 我们的政策要建立在自力更生的基础之上。
8. through : prep.
(1) in at one side, end, or surface of something and out at the other e.g. We couldn’t see through the mist.
Is it quicker to drive straight through the center? (2) among or between the parts or members of e.g. The monkeys swung through the trees.
I searched through my papers for the missing documents.
9. stare: vi.
(1) look steadily for a long time, e.g. in great surprise or shock e.g. The child stared the stranger up and down. 这个孩子上上下下地打量着这个陌生人。 He was staring, thinking.
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(2) be very plain to see; be obvious
e.g. The lies in the report stared out at us from every paragraph. Collocations:
stare sb. down/out 盯得某人局促不安 stare sb. into silence 瞪得某人哑口无言 stare sb. up and down 上下打量某人 stare sb. in the face 近在眼前
Activity: Role Play
Directions: A grandchild is going to say goodbye to his beloved grandfather/grandmother because he is leaving for college next day and will be away for several months. Work in groups and role play the child, his mother and his grandfather. You are supposed to use the following words and phrases as many as possible.
confront anguish gracefully touched with the laughter and tears, shudder well up rest on through ones’ tears stare have sth. in common
Sentences
1. My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house, gracefully touched with
the laughter and tears of four generations. (Paragraph 1)
Paraphrase: I spent my whole life, although it was so brief, in that big old house, in which four generations of our family had lived harmoniously and experienced both happiness and sadness. Explanation: ―brief as it was‖ In a formal style, as can be used in a special word order to mean although. The construction suggests a very emphatic contrast.
Frosty as it was, they still went out. (Although it was very extremely cold, they still went out.)
Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning. (Although they fought so bravely, they had no chance of winning.)
Translation: 我这一辈子都是在这的旧大宅子中度过的，尽管生命非常短暂，我却深深地体会到了一家四代人的欢笑与泪水。
2. I felt a hand rest on my shoulder. (Paragraph 2)
Explanation: The word feel can be followed by the ―object + infinitive (without to )‖ structure.
Did you feel the earth move? He felt her hand tense up in his.
Question: Do you know some other words which can be followed by the ―object + infinitive (without to )‖ structure?
Hear, listen, let, make, have, notice, watch, etc. Translation: 我感到有只手搭在我的肩上。
Paragraphs 5-13 Questions
1) Why did the author’s grandfather take him to see the rosebush in the front yard?
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The author’s grandfather wanted to tell him the story about the planting of the roses and explain to him the reason not to say goodbye to one’s relatives and friends. 2) Why did the author’s grandfather plant those roses? (Paragraph 10)
To thank God for his good fortune of having his first son by planting those roses. 3) What kind of advice did the author’s grandfather offer in Paragraph 13? (Paragraph 13)
Never give in to the sadness and the loneliness evoked by that word goodbye and remember instead the joy and the happiness of those times sharing with a friend.
Words and Expressions
10. pick: vt. vi.
1) take what one likes or considers best, or most suitable from a group e.g. One of my sisters has been picked for the Olympic team.
The police asked him if he could pick (out) the killer from a series of photos. 2) gather; pull or break off (part of a plant) from a tree or plant e.g. Machines pick the fruit from/off the trees. They spent the summer picking strawberries.
3) take up or remove sth. separately or bit by bit using the fingers, a beak, a pointed instrument, etc.
e.g. He was on his knees picking crumbs off the carpet. Comparison: choose, select, pick
choose: It stresses a choice of the best suited between or among things under consideration, which is the result of one's judgment.
e.g. She said she had chosen the skirt because its color was just right for the season.
select: It stresses a choice of sth. best to one's liking or desire among many things present through careful examination and discrimination, with a view to a given purpose. e.g. You may select whatever you like as the birthday gift. pick: It is an informal word and a synonym to select. e.g. Mary picked a red skirt because she liked red.
Exercise : Choose the proper word to fill each blank in the following sentences. choose select pick
(1) I ________ a piece of fluff off my shiny black suit. (picked)
(2) After careful comparison, Beijing was ________ as the city where the 2008 Olympic Games were to be held. (selected)
(3) Mr. Johnson was__________ to participate in the project because of his being a fully qualified engineer. ( chosen )
11. hoarse
adj. (of a voice) rough-sounding, as though the surface of the throat is rougher than usual, e.g. when the speaker has a sore throat
e.g. You'll make yourself hoarse if you keep shouting like that! Comparison: husky, harsh, thick
husky: (of a person's voice) low and rough, often in an attractive way, or because of illness e.g. She's got a nice husky voice — very sexy. You sound husky — do you have a cold?
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harsh: unpleasant to listen to
e.g. \
thick: not as clear or high as usual, for example because someone has been crying e.g. Bill's voice was thick and gruff. Activity: Act It Out
Please say sth. in the following voices: in a harsh voice
in a high-pitched voice in falsetto
in a strident voice in a choking voice in a hoarse
12. evil
1) n. a great wickedness or misfortune
e.g. Drug-addiction is one of today's great social evils.
There's always a conflict between good and evil in his plays. 2) adj. immoral, cruel, or very unpleasant
e.g. It's a battle against the country's most evil terrorists. Synonyms:
corrupt, vicious, wicked, malicious Antonyms:
good, honest, moral, sinless
13. tiny
adj. extremely small; very small
e.g. Though she was tiny, she had a very loud voice. Synonyms:
mini, small, little, puny, slight Antonyms:
big, enormous, great, huge, large, vast Comparison: small, little, tiny
small: It refers to size and is the usual opposite of \e.g. Could I have a hamburger and a small Coke please?
little: It refers to size but it also expresses the speaker's feelings. e.g. They live in a beautiful little village.
13. part
vt. (to cause to) separate or be no longer together
e.g. To be parted from him even for only two days made her sad.
Tony bent to look out of the window, parting the curtains with one hand. Derivations: parted adj. parting n. / adj.
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e.g. On his wall he has a poster of Marilyn Monroe, her lips forever parted (= separated) in anticipation.
The pain of parting had lessened over the years. Translation:
结婚这三十年间他们几乎从未分开过。
They were hardly ever parted in thirty years of marriage. The sunlight flooded the room when he parted the curtains. 他拉开窗帘，屋里顿时充满了阳光。
14. bring back 1) cause to return
e.g. All library books must be brought back before the end of the term. 2) obtain and return with
e.g. He always brings me back something nice when he goes abroad. Travellers brought back news of the outside world. 3) cause to return to the mind
e.g. The photos brought back some wonderful memories. Seeing her again brought all the sweet memories back.
4) start to do or use something that was done or used in the past e.g. Few politicians are in favour of bringing back the death penalty. He wants to bring back the glamour of the old Hollywood films.
Exercise：Fill in the blanks with one of the following prepositions. in on away up with back into
1. People arrived at the site of the fire and began clearing ________ the debris. (away) 2. He threw himself wholeheartedly _______ the fight against fascism. (into)
3. The storekeeper knew exactly where everything was and could lay his hands ______ what he wanted in the dark. (on)
4. The fire heats the room _______ within minutes. (up)
5. I wrote to Donna several months ago, but she hasn't written _______ yet. (back) 6. This cake's very light compared _______ the last one you made. (with ) 7. I've got a pain ______ my back. ( in)
Sentences
3. ... before your mother was even a dream. (Paragraph 10)
Paraphrase: ... before your grandma and I could think about having a daughter/long before your mother was born.
4. I used to watch him pick roses for his mother. (Paragraph 10) Translation: 过去，我常看到他为他母亲采摘玫瑰花。
Explanation: The word watch can be followed by the ―object + infinitive (without to)‖ or ―object + -ing‖ structure, but there is often a difference in meaning. The use of an infinitive indicates the whole of an action or event, and that of an -ing form suggests part of an action or event.
I watched her cross the road. (from one side to the other)
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I watched her crossing the road. (in the middle of the road, on her way across)
5. Take that special hello and lock it away within you — in that place in your heart where summer is an always time. (Paragraph 13)
Paraphrase: Bear that special hello in your mind and never forget it so that you will be always filled with the joy and happiness of summer.
Explanation: Note that the word always is usually an adverb, rarely used as an adjective. However, it is used as an adjective in this sentence by the writer in the meaning of ―everlasting.‖
Translation: 请将那特别的问候深藏于心——珍藏在你内心那充满永恒夏日阳光之处。
6. When you and your friends must part, I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that first hello. (Paragraph 13)
Paraphrase: When you and your friends must separate, I hope that you can recall the joy and happiness you got when you first greeted each other.
Translation: 在你必须与你朋友分别时，希望你能于内心深处找回初次问候时的喜悦。
Paragraphs 14-20 Questions
1) Why did the author’s grandfather want his bed to be next to the window? (Paragraphs 14)
Because he wanted to see his beloved rosebush through the window and because the sight of the rosebush would remind him of the joy and happiness of life he had experienced. 2) Why was the family summoned to the old house? (Paragraph 15)
Because it was decided that the oldest grandchildren would be allowed to say their goodbyes to their dying grandfather.
3) What do you think of the parting between the author and his grandfather? (Paragraphs 16-19)
The parting between the author and his grandfather was calm and pleasant as if they were old friends greeting each other, which showed that his grandfather adopted an optimistic attitude towards death and that the author became so strong-willed as not to give in to the sadness.
Words and Expressions
15. gravely adv.
in a way showing great seriousness; (of manner) in a state of being serious and solemn e.g. ―The situation poses a serious threat to peace,‖ said the ambassador gravely. 大使严肃地说：“这样的局势对和平形成严重的威胁。” Synonym:
seriously Derivations: grave adj. gravity n.
e.g. His face was grave as he told them about the accident. He doesn’t seem to understand the gravity of the situation.
16. beloved
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adj./n. (a person who is) dearly loved e.g. His beloved wife died.
It is a gift from my beloved. (=from my wife, husband, etc.)
17. summon vt.
1) order officially to come
e.g. The guards were summoned into the presence of the Queen. 2) tell or request people to come to; convene
e.g. At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to a meeting to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. 在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。 Collocation:
summon sth. up
1) bring (a quality) out of oneself, esp. with an effort
e.g. She had to summon up all her strength to lift the rock.
I can’t summon up much enthusiasm for the project. 2) cause sth. to come into the mind; evoke sth.
e.g. He summoned up his memory of his former neighbour. Derivation: summoner n.
18. turn: n.
1) an act of turning; a single movement completely round a fixed point e.g. Don’t pull the handle; give it a turn.
Give the key a turn, and the lock will open. 2) a point of change in time
e.g. Young people at the turn of the century must draw up a mighty blueprint.
世纪之交的年轻人必须绘制一幅宏伟的蓝图。 Collocations:
at every turn: everywhere or all the time
by turns: (of people or their actions) one after the other; in rotation in turn: afterwards; in the correct or expected order on the turn: about to turn or change
out of turn: at an unsuitable time or in an unsuitable way
19. note vt.
1) notice and remember; observe
e.g. Note the way this writer uses the present tense for dramatic effect.
Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.
Note how he operates the machine and try to copy with him. 2) remark; call attention to
e.g. The report notes with approval the government’s efforts to resolve this problem.
这份报告以赞同的口吻特别提到政府为解决这个问题所作的努力。 Derivations:
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noted; notable
Comparison: note, notice note: v. notice and remember
e.g. Note how he operates the machine and try to copy with him. notice: v. to pay attention (to) with the eyes, other senses, or mind e.g. She was wearing a new dress, but he didn’t even notice (it). Did you notice whether I locked the door?
20.breathe vt.
1) take air, gas, etc. into the lungs and send it out again
e.g. The doctor told me to breathe in deeply and then to breathe out slowly. I will remember the day as long as I breathe. 2) whisper; say softly
e.g. He breathed words of love into her ear.
She breathed a sigh of relief when she heard that she had passed the exam. Derivation: breather n.
e.g. We’ve been working quite a long time now; let’s have/take a breather.
Activity: Rumor Goes
Sit in rows or lines of five. The students in the first row / line are given one sentence, which they should recite to the next students. The sentences will be passed on until the last students, who come to the blackboard to write down the sentences. His face was grave as he told them about the accident. He doesn’t seem to understand the gravity of the situation. She had to summon up all her strength to lift the rock. I can’t summon up much enthusiasm for the project.
He tried to summon up his memory what he knew of his former neighbour. Note how he operates the machine and try to copy with him. She was wearing a new dress, but he didn’t even notice (it).
She breathed a sigh of relief when she heard that she had passed the exam. The president stopped off briefly in London on his way to Geneva.
Sentence
Remembering Grandpa’s words, I reached deep within me for those special feelings that had made up our friendship. (Paragraph 20)
Paraphrase: Remembering Grandpa’s words, I tried to bring back to my mind the joy and the happiness that I had shared with him.
Translation: 忆起爷爷的嘱咐时，我在内心深处找回了那些建立起我们友谊的特别情感。
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Section Four Consolidation Activities
I. Vocabulary Analysis
1. Phrase practice
1. be confronted with = suddenly found oneself faced with 面临，面对
e.g. All the programs will be confronted with great difficulties at the start. 所有的项目刚开始时总会遇到很大的困难。
Being confronted with such crisis, he demonstrated such courage. 面对如此危机，他展现出了这样的勇气。
2. have one thing in common = share the same characteristic 具有相同之处
e.g. All kids have one thing in common: they are precious gifts. 所有孩子都有一个共同点：他们都是珍贵的礼物。
3. give in to sth. = let oneself be overcome by 屈服，向??让步 e.g. Never give in to their insult. 绝不能屈服于他们的侮辱。
The police decided not to give in to his demands. 警察最终决定不向他的要求让步。
4. lock it away within sb. = keep it in one’s mind and don’t ever forget it 埋藏起来
e.g. You should not shed tears but lock your sorrow away within yourself. 你不应当流泪，而应当把忧伤深埋心中。
2. Word comparison
1.
anger: a strong feeling of wanting to hurt or criticize someone because they have done something bad to you or been unkind to you e.g. Paul's face was filled with anger.
discomfort: a feeling of slight pain or of being physically uncomfortable e.g. She still suffers considerable discomfort from her injury. unhappiness: the state of being unhappy e.g. Juliet's eyes shone with unhappiness.
anguish: mental or physical suffering caused by extreme pain or worry e.g. Nothing can take away the anguish of losing a child. 2.
special: not ordinary or usual, but different in some way and often better or more important e.g. This is a special case, deserving special treatment. peculiar: strange, unfamiliar, or a little surprising e.g. There was a peculiar smell in the kitchen.
particular: (only used before noun) a particular thing or person is the one that you are talking
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about, and not any other
e.g. Most students choose one particular area for research. Concrete: definite, positive
e.g. The policy have nothing concrete to go on. 3.
spend: to use your money to pay for goods or services e.g. I can't afford to spend any more money this week. spend something on something
cost: be obtainable at the price of, require the payment of e.g. It costs too much.
take: if something takes a particular amount of time, money, effort, etc., that amount of time, etc. is needed for it to happen or succeed
e.g. Organizing a successful street party takes a lot of energy.
waste: to use more money, time, energy, etc. than is useful or sensible e.g. Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity. 4.
conspicuous: very easy to notice
e.g. Lincoln is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded.
graceful: moving in a smooth and attractive way, or having an attractive shape or form e.g. We admired the graceful poise of the dancer.
lonely: (adj.) unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to e.g. He has so few friends that his life is lonely.
truly: used to emphasize that the way you are describing something is really true (= really) e.g. This encyclopedia is truly a compendium of knowledge. 5.
last: happening or coming after all other similar things or people
e.g. And last but not least there is the question of adequate funding.
final: being or happening at the end of a series of events, actions, statements, etc.; being the result
of a particular process
e.g. The project is in its final stages.
ending: the last part of a story; the act of finishing sth., the last part of sth. e.g. His stories usually have a happy ending.
concluding: the last remark ,etc. in an event or piece of writing e.g. This is the concluding section of Chapter 6. 6.
alone: adv./adj. without any friends; without the help of other people or things e.g. Carol felt all alone in the world. It is hard bringing up children alone.
hoarse: adj. (of a person or voice) sounding harsh, especially because of a sore throat e.g. We shouted ourselves hoarse at the football match.
grave: (of people) serious in manner, as if sth. sad, important or worrying has just happened e.g. His face was grave when I told him my decision.
lonely: (adj.) unhappy because you are alone or do not have anyone to talk to
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e.g. Don't you get lonely being on your own all day? 7.
give up: to stop trying to do sth.
e.g. I give up; tell me what the answer is.
give in: to admit that you have been defeated by sb./sth.
e.g. He will give in to his opponent's claim rather than wrangle over a disputed point. stop: to make sb./sth. no longer do sth. e.g. That phone never stops ringing.
retreated (v.+adv./prep.) to change your mind about sth. because of criticism or because a situation has become too difficult
e.g. The government has retreated from its pledge to reduce class size. 8.
believe: to feel certain that sth. is true or that sb. is telling you the truth e.g. He thinks that everyone who believes will go to heaven.
notice: to see or hear sb./sth.;to become aware of sb./sth.; to pay attention to sb./sth. e.g. She wears those strange clothes just to get herself noticed. note: to mention sth. because it is important or interesting e.g. I failed to note that he had left.
decide: to think carefully about the different possibilities that are available and then choose one of them
e.g. That chance meeting decided my career.
.
3. Synonym / Antonym
Give some synonyms or antonyms of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.
1. When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the old home I had ever known.
Synonyms: pain, grief, sorrow, agony
2. ―It isn’t easy, is it, Billy?‖ he said softly, sitting down on the steps beside me. Antonyms: loudly, harshly, roughly
3. We seem to have so many ways of saying goodbye and they all have one thing in common: sadness. Synonym:: sorrow, grief, dismay
4. We walked, hand in hand, to his favorite place in the front yard, where a huge red rosebush sat conspicuously alone. Antonyms: inconspicuously, unnoticeably
5. My son had died in some tiny village in Italy Synonyms: small, little
6. When you and your friends must part, I want you to reach deep within you and bring back that 18
first hello.
Antonyms: meet, join, unite, gather
7. A year and half later, my grandfather became gravely ill. Synonyms: seriously, severely, hopelessly
8. My whole life, brief as it was, had been spent in that big old house. Antonyms: long, permanent, lasting
4. Word derivation
Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in the brackets.
1. Nobody wanted to live in the industrial part of the town. (industry) 2. The police asked him to give a description of the suitcase he had lost. (describe) 3. He had no suspicion that he was being watched. (suspect) 4. This is Alexandra, my personal assistant. (assist) 5. Although some of my work-mates quickly found new jobs after the factory closed down, my brother and I were unemployed for several months. (employ) 6. Although I was positive that the girl had stolen my ring, I could not find any proof. (prove)
1. industry (n.) 工业、行业；勤奋
industrial (adj.) 工业的；用于工业的；工业发达的 industrious (adj.) 勤奋的、勤劳的 industriously (adv.) 勤劳地、勤奋地 industriousness (n.) 勤奋、勤劳
e.g. The government takes great measures to expand industry and commerce. 政府采取很多举措发展工商业。
His success was due to his industry and thrift. 他取得成功是由于他的勤俭。
Tom is working industriously at his desk. 汤姆正在办公桌前勤奋地工作。
2. describe (v.) 描述某人（某物）；叫做、称做；画（尤指几何图形） description (n.) 对某人（某物）的描述、叙述 descriptive (adj.) 描述的、描写的
e.g. There is some excellent descriptive writing in his novel.
在他的小说里有些极好的描写。
We will describe each of these methods in more detail in the following sections. 在下面的部分中我们将更详细地描述每一种方法。
Your essay contains too much description, and not enough discussion of the issues.
你的文章中有太多的描写，而对问题的论述不够。 Her beauty is beyond description. 她的美丽无法用语言描述。
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3. suspect (v.) 有（某事物）存在或属实的想法，相信；怀疑（某物），不相信；怀疑某人有 某罪
suspect (n.) 嫌疑犯，可疑对象
suspect (adj.) 不可靠的；不可信的；可疑的 suspicion (n.) 怀疑；猜疑；些许味道，少量
suspicious (adj.) 有疑心的，表示怀疑的；引起怀疑的，可疑的 unsuspecting (adj.) 不怀疑的，无猜疑的，可信任的 e.g. The statement of an interested party is naturally suspect.
当事人的陈述自然是可疑的。
I suspect that he is more or less involved in the affair. 我猜他和这件事多少有点牵连。
The constable conducted the suspect to the police station. 警官把嫌疑犯带到派出所。
I'm suspicious of his story because I know he sometimes tells lies. 我对他的说法有疑惑，因为我知道他有时候会说谎。 This boy's honesty is above / beyond suspicion. 这孩子的诚实是不容质疑的。
We were unsuspecting of the fact that he was the very boss there. 我们没料到他就是那里的老板。
4. assist (v.) 帮助、协助、援助；在某场合出席，参加某事物 assistance (n.) 帮忙，援助
assistant (n.) 助手、助理；店员
assistant (adj.) （定语）协理、副经理
e.g. You will be expected to assist the editor with the selection of illustrations for the book.
你需要帮助编辑为这本书选取插图。
In the summer holiday, I will take a part-time job as a shop assistant. 我打算在暑假找一份店员的兼职工作。 Can I be of any assistance, madam? 女士，有什么可以帮你吗？
5. employ (v.) 雇用某人；使用某人（某物），利用（时间、注意力等） employee (n.) 受雇者；雇员；雇工 employer (n.) 雇用者；雇主
employment (n.) 雇用；使用；受雇用；职业
unemployed (adj.) 未被雇用的；失业的；不在使用中的 unemployment (n.) 失业；失业状况；失业人数
e.g. Unemployment has fallen again for the third consecutive month.
失业人数已经连续三个月下降了。 He has been unemployed for over a year. 他已经失业一年多了。
Do you think interview is the best way to choose competent employees? 你认为面试是选择有能力的员工的最好方法吗？
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Section Five Further Enhancement
I.Text II
Lead-in Questions
1.How would you react to a crisis, especially when you feel scary? 2.Who do you think are better at handling crisis, men or women? Why?
Text
The Dinner Party Mona Gardner
The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests —— army officers and government attaches and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist —— in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters, and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.
A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a colonel who says that they haven't.
\may feel like it, he has that ounce more of nerve control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what counts.\
The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. With a slight gesture she summons the servant standing behind her chair and whispers to him. The servant’s eyes widen, and he quickly leaves the room.
Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the servant place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.
The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing — bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters — the likeliest place —— but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left — under the table.
His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so arresting that it sobers everyone.
\—that's five minutes — and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready?\
The twenty people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying \… two hundred and eighty...\milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut.
\control.\
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\that cobra was in the room?\
A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies: \foot.\
Notes
1.Mona Gardner (1900-1981) was born in Seattle, Washington. She lived in Hong Kong, South Africa, and California, among other places, and she also traveled widely. Many of her novels and stories are set in Asia. The Dinner Party, her best-known short story, takes place in India earlier last century, when India was still a colony ruled by Great Britain.
2.colonial official (Paragraph 1): a British citizen appointed to a governmental position in India, a British colony for many, many years until 1974
3.attaches (Paragraph 1): persons with special duties on the staff of an embassy to another country 4.… that women have out growing the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era (Paragraph 2): … that women have passed the time when they would jump on a chair at the sight of a mouse. Here the word, a typical example of journalistic style, jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse is a compound adjective formed from an attributive clause.
5.And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of nerve control than a woman has, and that last ounce is what counts. (Paragraph 3): Even though a man is also likely to ―jump on a chair at the sight of a mouse,‖ he has at least the last bit of self-control to refrain himself from jumping up. And it is the self-control that matters.
6.The American comes to with a start(Paragraph 6): The American becomes aware of the potential danger with a sudden shock. This sentence is grammatically loose, for the phrase ―come to‖, being used to express that sb. begins to realize sth., is not followed by a necessary object, i.e., sth. happening, etc.
7.Rupees(Paragraph 8): Indian coins. Ten rupees was worth about one US dollar at the time of the story.
Questions for discussion:
1.On what topic did the colonel and the young girl disagree?
2.What kind of expression did the American notice came over the face of the hostess? 3.What did the American realize was happening when he noticed bowl of milk? 4.How did the American react to the crisis?
5.What did the American say to make sure that everyone remained perfectly still? 6.What qualities did both the American and the hostess display?
Key to questions for discussion:
1. They disagreed on whether women were still easily scared.
2. A strange expression came over the face of the hostess: she was staring straight ahead and her facial muscles contracted slightly.
3. He realized that there must be a cobra in the room because the bowl of milk meant bait for a snake.
4.He stayed calm at the table and gave others a warning in an arresting voice. He let the others stay at the table and counted down the time or forfeited one who moved.
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5. Because the hostess, with the help of the American, had just escaped the danger of a possible attack by a cobra.
6. Both of them, a man and a woman, demonstrated admirable self-control.
II. Memorable Quotes
Read the following quotes and interpret the importance of family or family bonds implied in them.
Guidance: Family is where our roots take hold and where we grow. A close family bond is like a safe harbor where we find refuge. Rituals of bedtime stories, hugs, holidays and daily meals shared together, provide a sense of warmth, and safety. These rituals and traditions, not only create memories, but create our first path in life — one that is positive.
1. The happiest moments of life have been the few which I have passed at home in the bosom of my family. — Thomas Jefferson
Paraphrase: When I look at my life, those happiest moments are spent at home with my family who love me and make me feel safe.
in the bosom of sth.: in a situation in which you are with people who love and protect you e.g. He spent the weekend in the bosom of his family.
2. Where we love is home,
Home that our feet may leave, but not our hearts. — Oliver Wendell Holmes
Paraphrase: We love our home —the place our bodies may leave, but we are emotionally attached to it forever.
but not: used to introduce a word or phrase that contrasts with what was said before e.g. We can buy a house, but not a home.
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