初中宾语从句讲解练习及答案

宾语从句

宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1.考查宾语从句的语序：

宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 “主语+谓语+…… Do you know when __________?

A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves C.will the next train leave D.the next train will leave 注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有： 1).who在从句中作主语。

Can you tell me _________?(谁将来这儿) 2).what’s wrong / the matter ?

He asked what was the matter with me . 3).what happened

I don’t know what happened yesterday . 4).which is the way to ….?

Can you tell me which is the way to the park ? 2.考查宾语从句的引导词

1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。

She said “I’m gald to see you” = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me .

2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether .

He saked me “Are you going to Wuhan ?” = He asked me ______ _____ _____ going to Wuhan. I’m thinking about ______ to go there . A.if B.whether C.that

3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。

Do you know ________? I’m not sure, Maybe he is a businessman . A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do

4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb not to sth .

“Don’t open the door” The teacher said . = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door . 3.宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor .

A.what is he B.what he was C.what he is D.what was he

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。 He asked ____________.

A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was D.what time was it He told me that he ______ for the sports meet.

A.is preparing B.was preparing C.will prepare D.has prepared 注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。 Our teacher said that January_____(be) the first month of the year. Our teacher said that the earth ___(go) around the sun.

2).若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。 Could you tell me _______?

A.what he was doing B.what was he doing C.what he is doing D.what is he doing

4.if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。

if When if/when从句的时态 条件/时间状语如果、假如 当…的时候 一般现在时 从句 宾语从是否 什么时候 一般将来时 句 Can you guess if they___ to play football with us ? I think they will come if they ____free. A. come , are B. will come , will be C. will come , are D. come , will be

Can you tell me when he____here tomorrow ? When he _____ here , please call me .

A. comes , comes B. will come , will come C. will come ,comes D. comes, will come 5.宾语从句的简化：

1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”. I hope I can meet you again . I hope _____ _____ you again .

2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”.

I don’t know what I should do next . I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next . Could you tell me how I can get there ? Could you tell me ____ ____ _____ there ? John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy . John didn’t decide _____ ____ _____ _____ .

3).hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为“hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth”. I heard that they were singing in the next room.= I heard _____ _____ in the next room .

We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree . We found _____ _____ with the cat under the tree.

1．在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2． 宾语从句的引导词有三类：

(1) 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.

She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2) 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。从句是陈述语序

eg, Could you tell me what's the matter with u? I want to know how soon it will begin.

(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序

eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei . 3．宾语从句的时态

(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。 eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.

You are telling me that you won't stop until tomorrow? (2) 当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。

eg,They asked what Jean was doing now . Linda said that the train had left.

(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。

eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. Polly said no news is a good news

注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if

eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. 2. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? ③在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：

Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。 ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：

Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。 ⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：

Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：

b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我 3. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.

eg, You can't work the plan out if you don't have the meeting . 4.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时，这时不能用whether. He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.

5.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时，这时不能用whether. He talks as if he has known all about it.

宾语从句的否定转移：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.

主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？

当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?

You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you? They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?

She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she? 练习题

(1)．I don’t think he is right,_________? A．isn’t he B．is he C．do I D．don’t I (2). He believes she is right, __________?

A．doesn’t he B．does he C．is she D．isn’t she

(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,__________? A．didn’t he B．did he C．did I D．didn’t I

(4). I find _____ important that we practice English every day. A. it B. this C. that D. what

(5). You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 在以下情况中that不能省略

1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．

2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 I can’t tell him that his mother died. 4、当it作形式宾语时

例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．

许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。 5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe．

6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. The teacher asked the students ________.

A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted 解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.应选A

2. Could you tell me _______ ?

A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you C. hat's the matter with you D. what's the wrong with you .

解析：what 就是从句的主语，what's the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C.

3.He asked me _______ I could sing the song \ A. if B. weather C.what D. that

解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词，故删去D；weather 意为天气，根据句意应选A.

4.Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth. A. went B. turned C.go D. turns

解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D 5. It makes no difference __________.

A. whether will you come tomorrow. B. Whether or not will be pass the exam C. If he will come to the meeting or not D. Whether he will come to the meeting or not

解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 not 连用。因此此题选D

6. They don't know _______ their parents are.

A.that B. what C. why D. which 解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B. 7. I am sure _______ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who

解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A. 8. The old man told us _______ and ________.

A. to do what , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do

解析： 疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确 应选C

练习与巩固

1.---Do you know when the World Cup ________ next week? --- Next Friday. When it ________, I will ring you.

A. begins, begins B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins 2.--- Today or tomorrow? --- What are you talking about? --- We are talking about _______ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when D. what 3. I wonder _________.

A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives 4. --- Are you sure you have to ? It's been very late. --- I don't know _____ I can do it if not now. A. where B. why C. when D. how 5. ---Would you please tell me _________? --- In a small village near Niingbo.

A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born 6. The photograph will show you ________.

A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 7. --- Can you guess if they _______ to play basketball with us? --- I think they'll come if they _________ free.

A.will come, will be B. will come, are C. come, are D. come, will be 8. ---Where does he come from ? --- Pardon? --- I asked where_________.

A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from 9. She wondered __________.

A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did he spend on the computer 10. ---Do you know ________?

--- I'm not sure. Maybe he is a businessman.

A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do

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