精品完整版乙醇-水毕业设计

毕业设计（论文）手册

学 院： 职业技术学院

专业班级： 练油技术0932 姓 名： 韩宏宇 指导教师： 刘冬梅

2012 年 6 月

摘要

化工生产常需进行二元液相混合物的分离以达到提纯或回收有用组分的目的，精馏是利用液体混合物中各组分挥发度的不同并借助于多次部分汽化和多次部分冷凝达到轻重组分分离目的的方法。精馏操作在化工、石油化工、轻工等工业生产中占有重要的地位。为此，掌握气液相平衡关系，熟悉

各种塔型的操作特性，对选择、设计和分析分离过程中的各种参数是非常重要的。

塔设备是化工、炼油生产中最重要的设备类型之一。本次设计的浮阀塔是化工生产中主要的气液传质设备。此设计针对二元物系的精馏问题进行分析、选取、计算、核算、绘图等，是较完整的精馏

设计过程，该设计方法被工程技术人员广泛的采用。 本设计书对苯和甲苯的分离设备─浮阀精馏塔做了较详细的叙述，主要包括：工艺计算，辅助设备

计算,塔设备等的附图。

关键词：乙醇、水、二元精馏、浮阀连续精馏精馏塔、提馏段

Abstract

Chemical production often require two yuan of liquid mixture separation to achieve the purification or recovery of useful components of the purpose, distillation is the use of liquid mixtures of volatile components in the different degree with the help of repeated many of vaporization and condensation to light hydrocarbon separation method. Distillation in chemical, petrochemical, light industry and other industrial production plays an important role. Therefore, mastering the vapor-liquid phase equilibrium relations, familiar with the various types of towers operating characteristics, to choose, design and analysis in the process of separation of various parameters is very important. Tower equipment is chemical, oil refining production in the most important equipment of one type of. The design of the floating valve tray in chemical production is mainly of gas-liquid mass transfer equipment. The design for the two yuan of property of the distillation problem analysis, selection, calculation, calculation, drawing, is a complete distillation design process, the design method widely adopted by engineering technical personnel. The design of books on benzene and toluene separation equipment - float valve tower are describe in detail, mainly including: process calculation, calculation of auxiliary equipment, tower equipment drawings.

Key words: ethanol, water, two yuan of distillation, float valve continuous distillation distillation tower, the stripping section

目 录

摘要 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 毕业设计（论文）任务书 ................................................................................................................................................... 5

前言 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1塔板的工艺设计 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9

1.1精馏塔全塔物料衡算 ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 常压下乙醇-水气液平衡组成（摩尔）与温度关系 ................................................................................... 9 1.3理论塔板的计算 ........................................................................................................................................... 14 1.4塔径的初步设计 ........................................................................................................................................... 15 1.5溢流装置 ....................................................................................................................................................... 16 1.6塔板布置及浮阀数目与排列 ....................................................................................................................... 17 2塔板的流体力学计算 .............................................................................................................................................. 19

2.1 气相通过浮阀塔板的压降 .......................................................................................................................... 19 2.2淹塔 ............................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3物沫夹带 ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.4塔板负荷性能图 ........................................................................................................................................... 21 3塔附件设计 .............................................................................................................................................................. 24

3.1接管 ............................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.2筒体与封头 ................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.3除沫器 ........................................................................................................................................................... 26 3.4裙座 ............................................................................................................................................................... 26 3.5 吊柱 .............................................................................................................................................................. 26 3.6人孔 ............................................................................................................................................................... 27 4塔总体高度的设计 .................................................................................................................................................. 27

4.1塔的顶部空间高度 ....................................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 塔的底部空间高度 ...................................................................................................................................... 27 4.3塔体高度 ....................................................................................................................................................... 27 5 附属设备设计 ......................................................................................................................................................... 27

5.1 冷凝器的选择 .............................................................................................................................................. 27 5.2再沸器的选择 ............................................................................................................................................... 28

毕业设计（论文）评阅书 ................................................................................................................................................. 31 毕业答辩情况表................................................................................................................................................................. 33 附录 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 谢词 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 37

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