基于单片机的环境噪声检测仪毕业论文 - 图文

本科毕业论文

基于单片机的环境噪声检测仪的设计

所 在 学 院 机械与工程学院

专 业 名 称 机械设计制造与自动化 年 级 学生姓名、学号 指导教师姓名、职称 完 成 日 期 二〇一二年五月

摘要

摘 要

随着社会发展水平的提高，噪声的危害日益突现，对环境噪声的实时检测越来越得到人们的重视。环境噪声监测，是人类提高生活质量，加强环境保护的一个重要环节。

本文详细介绍了噪声监测系统的测量原理和系统组成，包括：噪声信号的转换、放大、V/F转换、数据采集和显示系统的设计。外界噪声信号经过传声器变换成音频信号，电信号通过放大和V/ F 变换输入到单片机进行处理，并转换成相应的噪声分贝值通过LED 显示，从而实现噪声的实时监测。

该系统具有实现简单，精确度高，适用于实际进行噪声的实时监测等特点。 关键词：运算放大器，噪声，单片机，LED

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

With the improvement of social development, harm of noise more emergent, real-time detection of environmental noise and get people's attention. Environmental noise monitoring, which is improving the quality of life, strengthen environmental protection an important part .

In the paper, the measurement principle and the system constitution are introduced in detail, including: the noise signal converting system, signal magnifying system, V/F converting system, data collection and indication system. This paper introduces the ways to convert the real-time monitoring of the noise into acoustic frequency electrical signal by using microphone, operational amplifier and V/ F converter, which will act as Single Chip Micoyo’s input signal. Then the SCM will change it into a noise DB value, which will be displayed on LED.

This system is simple 0and has high precision, so it is always used in monitoring the urban noise real-time.

Key words：operational amplifier，noise，Single Chip Micoyo， LED

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目录

目录

1引言 ............................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 课题背景 ............................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1 噪声污染的危害 ...................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 噪声污染的现状 ...................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 噪声简介 .................................................................................................. 2 1.2 噪声监测系统的发展现状 ................................................................................ 3 1.3 主要任务及意义 ................................................................................................ 4

1.3.1 设计任务 .................................................................................................. 4 1.3.2 课题的意义 .............................................................................................. 4 1.3.3 论文内容安排 .......................................................................................... 5

2 噪声监测系统的总体设计 .......................................................................................... 6

2.1 噪声监测系统分析 ............................................................................................ 6 2.2 硬件系统设计 .................................................................................................... 6 2.3 软件系统设计 .................................................................................................... 8 3 噪声监测系统的硬件设计 ........................................................................................ 10

3.1 传声器 .............................................................................................................. 10 3.2 信号放大器 ....................................................................................................... 11 3.3 交直流转换电路的设计 .................................................................................. 12

3.3.1 真有效值 ................................................................................................ 12 3.3.2 AD536 芯片 ........................................................................................ 14 3.4 单片机系统的设计 .......................................................................................... 14

3.4.1 单片机的选择 ........................................................................................ 14 3.4.2 89C52的简介 ...................................................................................................... 15 3.5 显示及指示电路的设计 .................................................................................. 16

3.5.1 显示电路的设计 .................................................................................... 16 3.5.2 指示电路的设计 .................................................................................... 17

4 噪声监测系统的软件设计 ........................................................................................ 19

4.1 程序系统框图 .................................................................................................. 19

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目录

4.2 系统内部RAM的分配 ................................................................................... 21 4.3 中断服务程序的设计 ...................................................................................... 21

4.3.1 T0中断子程序的设计 ........................................................................... 22 4.3.2 T1中断子程序的设计 ........................................................................... 23 4.4 查表子程序 ...................................................................................................... 25 4.5 显示子程序 ...................................................................................................... 26 4.6 指示子程序 ...................................................................................................... 27 5 系统调试与分析 ........................................................................................................ 29

5.1 调试步骤 .......................................................................................................... 29 5.2 硬件调试 .......................................................................................................... 29 5.3 软件调试 .......................................................................................................... 30 5.4 噪声监测器的系统调试 .................................................................................. 31 5.5 调试故障及原因分析 ...................................................................................... 32 5.6 测试结果分析 .................................................................................................. 32 结论 ................................................................................................................................ 34 参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 35 致 谢 ............................................................................................................................ 36 附录Ⅰ 噪声监测仪硬件系统原理图 .......................................................................... 37 附录Ⅱ 噪声监测仪软件程序 ...................................................................................... 38 附录Ⅲ 噪声监测仪元器件清单 .................................................................................. 47

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