定语从句结构分析-精品(2)

３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。 如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。

In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。

There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我们班总共有４０个学生，大多数来自大城市。

Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他写了１０部小说，其中３部是关于农村生活的。

课堂练习：

1.The prize will go to the writer //______ story shows the most imagination. 主句 定语从句

A. that B. which C. whose D. what

解析分析句子成分可知,先行词是writer，从句主语story与先行词writer有所属关 系，译为“作者的故事”，因此用whose。

句意是：我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。

2.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station// ____ you can hire to reach your host family.

A. which B. where C. when D. As

解析先行词为the bus station，在从句中做谓语动词hire宾语，用关系词which、that。

The old town has narrow streets and small houses// ___are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that

解析先行词是small houses，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that代替， 句意为：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。

4.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, // each of ___ uses it somewhat differently.

A. which B. what C. them D. those

解析先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中做each of的宾语，所有 应用关系代词which。

She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students //____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

A. which B. where C. what D. who 解an atmosphere与修饰它的定语从句被for her students隔开，从句缺主语，用which。

Julie was good at German, French and Russian ,// all of ______ she spoke fluently. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 解析介词后只能使用的关系代词是which, who, whose, 因为句子中关系词指代是语言， 故选C；句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三种语言她说得都很流利。

7.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what

【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。 8.In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.

A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 【解析】前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them

而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。 9.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_____help I would never have got this far. A. who B. Whose C. Whom D. whic

10. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ______ interact with one another. A. That B. Where

C. Who D. what

11.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of __ are family members.

A．them B．that C．which D．whom

【解析】逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句，排除；先行词是people，which 只能指物，排除选项C；如果用them， 则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and，。

【拓展】英语中两个句子之间是必须要有一个连词的，简单说，如果在一个逗号的前面和后面的句子之中没有连词的话，那这个句子就是错误的。

【句意】约翰邀请了四十个人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。

12.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _____ they live in.

A. what B. which C. when D. where

the environment是先行词，在定语从句中做宾语，“他们生活在这个环境中”，故用关系代词that或which。

【拓展】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。【句意】现在人们更加关心他们所生活的环境。

13.Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom

（一）填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子

1. The boys_______ are playing football are from Class One.

2. Those_want to go to the museum must be at school gate at 7 tomorrow. 3. Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus. 4. The professor ________ you are waiting for has come. 5. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys.

6. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers. 7. This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday.

8. We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked. 10. The season_________ comes after spring is summer.

11. I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country. 12. He has a friend ______ father is a doctor.

13. I once lived in the house _____ roof has fallen in.

14. I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school. 15. The time _______ we got together finally arrived. 16. Shanghai is the city ______ I was born.

17. The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 18. Please tell me the reason ______ you missed the plane.

19. The reason ____ he was punished is unknown to us. 20. All the people ______are present burst into tears.

22. He succeeded in the competition, _____ made his parents very happy. 23. The school ______ he once studied is very famous.

24. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ you asked. 25. This is the boy ________I played tennis with yesterday.

（二） 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。 1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.

5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us.

8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

E：This is the room + 这就是我去年住过的房间。 where I lived in last year 定语从句

（本句修饰room,表示：我去年居住的房子 ） （where表示地点，代替room在从句中做地点状语）

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F：I'll never forget the day + 我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。 when I was born 定语从句

（本句修饰时间day，表示我出生的那天） （when表时间，代替day在从句中做时间状语）

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关系副词: 被修饰的名词是地方，时间，原因的时候使用关系副词。

1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.

我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。

October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？ 例题：

6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. When 7. 8. He has forgotten the week _______ he arrived.

A. when B. where C. that D. which 9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which

8. The film brought the hours back to me __ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A until B. that C. when D. where 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。 I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。 Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？ 例题：

5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.

A. there B. when C. where D. which 7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.

A. that B. which C. where D. why 3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 如：

From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country had he known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。

Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。

The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。 例题：

6. Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t come?

A. that B. Which C. for D. Why 22.Can you tell me the reason ____ you didn’t come for yesterday? A. why B. How C. which D. what

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