contracted month of shipment.
2. We hereby inform you that we have opened our irrevocable credit in your favor available for negotiation of your draft at 120days sight drawn on us.
即期信用证
3. The buyer shall open through a bank acceptable to the Seller an Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit to reach the Seller 30 days before the month of shipment, valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the month of shipment.
远期信用证
4. The buyer shall open through a bank acceptable to the Seller an Irrevocable Letter of Credit at 30 days’ sight to reach the Seller 45 days before the month of shipment, valid for negotiation in Beijing until the 15th day after the month of shipment.
三、贸易结算案例
1．某开证行按照自己所开出的信用证的规定，对受益人提交的经审核符合要求的单据履行了付款责任。但是在进口商向开证行赎单后发现单据中的提单是倒签的，于是进口商立即要求开证行退回货款，并赔偿其他损失。问进口商的要求是否有道理？
2、某公司接到国外开来的信用证，规定：“于或约于5月15日装船”。该公司于5月8日装船，并向银行提交了一份5月8日签发的提单，但是却遭到银行拒付，问这是为什么？
3. 某出口公司收到日本一家银行开来的信用证。证中规定：“Credit amount USD 50，000, according to Invoice Value: 75% to be paid at sight the remaining 25% to be paid at 60 days after shipment arrival.” 卖方在信用证有效期内通过议付行向开证行提交了单据，单证相符。开证行即付75%的货款，但货到60天后，开证行以开证人声称货物品质欠佳为由，拒付其余的25%货款。请分析开证的行为对否？
4. A、B两家食品进出口公司共同对外成交某食品一批，双方约定各交货50%，各自结汇，由B公司对外签订合同。事后，外商开来以B公司为受益人的信用证，证中未注明“可转让”字样，但规定允许分批装运。B公司收到L/C后，及时通知了A公司，两家按照信用证的规定各出口了50%的货物，并以各自的名义制作了有关结汇单据。问：两家的做法是否妥当？他们能否顺利结汇？为什么？
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5. 我公司受国内用户委托，以本公司名义与国外一家公司签订一项进口商品合同，支付条件为“即期付款交单”。在履行合同时，卖方未经过买方，直接将货物连同单据交给了国内用户，国内用户在收到货物后由于财务困难，无力支付货款。国外卖方认为，我外贸公司是合同的买方，根据买卖合同的支付条款，应由我公司支付货款。问：我公司应是否该支付货款？为什么？
6. 我国某公司接到客户发来的订单，规定交货期为今年8月，不久又收到客户开来的信用证，该信用证规定：“Shipment must be effected on or before September, 1998”。我方于9月10日装船并顺利结汇。约过了一个月，客户却来函要求索赔，理由是装船迟延。问： （1）我方为什么能顺利结汇？
（2）客户的这种索赔有无道理？我公司应该如何处理？
7．中方某公司收到国外开来的信用证，由设在我国境内的某外资银行通知并加保兑。中方在货物装运后，正拟将有关单据交银行议付时，忽然接到该外资银行的通知，由于开证行已宣布破产，该保兑行不承担对该信用证的议付或付款责任，但可接受我出口公司委托向买方直接收取货款的业务。对此，您认为我方是否应该接受保兑行的建议?为什么？
8．我方某公司从国外某商进口一批钢材，货物分两批装运，支付方式为即期信用证，每一期分别由中国银行开立一份信用证。第一批货物装运后，卖方在有效期内向银行交单议付，议付行审单后，即向该商议付了货款，随后中国银行对议付行作了偿付。我方在收到第一批货物后，发现货物品质不符合同，因而要求开证行对第二份信用证项下的单据拒绝付款，但是遭到开证行拒绝。您认为开证行这样做是否有道理？
9．中方某公司与加拿大商人在1994年1月份按CIF条件签订出口100,000码法兰绒合同，支付方式为即期信用证。加拿大商人与1994年5月通过银行开来信用证，经审核与合同相符，其中保险金额为发票金额加10%，我方正在备货时，加拿大商人通过银行转递给我方一份信用证修改书，内容为将投保金额改为按发票金额加20%。我方没有理会，按原信用证规定投保、发货，并于货物装运后，在信用证有效期内，向议付银行提交全套装运单据。议付行议付后将全套单据寄给开证行，开证行以保险单与信用证修改书不符为由拒付。问开证行拒付的理由对否？
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10．我国对日本按CFR合同出口一批化工原料，合同规定3-4月份装运，国外来证也如此规定。但我方在租船订舱时发生困难，因出口量大，一时租不到足够的舱位，须分三次装运。问在这种情况下，是否需要国外修改信用证的装运条款?
11. 我国某公司以CIF价格向美国出口一批货物，合同的签订日期为6月2日。6月28日由日本东京银行开来了即期信用证，金额为100万日圆，证中规定装船期为7月份，偿付行为美国花旗银行。我中国银行收证后于7月2日通知出口公司。7月10日我方获悉国外进口商因资金问题濒临破产倒闭。在此情况下，我方应如何处理？
信用证统一代号
Reference: 编号 Author: 作者 Title: 标题 Send to: 发往 Message type: 报文类型 Priority: 优先级 Delivery Monitoring: 传送监控 Sequence of total: 报文页次
Form of documentary credit: 跟单信用证类型 Number of documentary credit: 跟单信用证号码 Date of issue: 开证日期 Date of expiry: 到期日 Place of expiry: 到期地点
Applicant bank – BIC: 开证申请人银行 － 银行代码 Applicant: 开证申请人 Beneficiary: 受益人 Currency code, Amount: 币种与金额
Available with --- by---: 指定银行 ----- 兑付方式 Draft at: 汇票期限
Drawee---BIC: 汇票付款人 － 银行代码 Partial shipment: 分批装运 Transhipment: 转运
Loading on board / dispatch / taking in charge: 装船 / 发运 / 接受监管地点 For transportation to : 货物运往 Latest date of shipment: 最迟装运期 Discription of goods and / or service: 货物或服务名称 Documents required: 单据要求 Additional conditions: 附加条件
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Charges: 费用
Period for presentation: 交单期限 Confirmation of instructions: 保兑指示
Instructoins to paying / accepting / negotiating bank； 给付款行 / 承兑行 / 议付行的指示 Sender to receiver information: 附言
信用证样本举例 1、电传开立的信用证
TO: BANK OF CHINA QINGDAO BRANCH FM: FUJI BANK LTD., TOKYO, JAPAN DATE: APR.28, 1997 TEST:
ISSUE OF A DOCUMENTARY CREDIT FORM OF DOCUMENTARY CREDIT: IRREVOCABLE
DOCUMENTARY CREDIT NUMBER: FJ-211-8976598 DATE OF ISSUE: 970428
DATE AND PLACE OF EXPIRY: 970604 IN CHINA APPLICANT:
HAKATA FOODS CO., LTD. TOKYO, JAPAN BENEFICIARY:
SHANGDONG FOREIGN TRADE CORP QINGDAO, P.R.OF CHINA
CURRENCY COOD / AMOUNT: U.S.DOLLARS AMOUNT: USD198640.00 AVAILABLE WITH / BY: WITH ANY BANK BY NEGOTIATION DRAT(S) AT / DRAWN ON / FOR: DRAFT(S) AT SIGHT DRAWN ON US
FOR 100 PERCENT OF THE FULL INVOICE VALUE PARTIAL SHIPMENTS:
ALLOWED
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TRANSHIPMENT:
NOT ALLOWED
LOADING ON BOARD / DISPATCH / TAKING IN CHARGE AT / FROM CHINESE MAIN PORT FOR TRANSPORTATION TO: TOKYO / KOBE JAPAN LATEST DATE OF SHIPMENT: 970520
DESCRIPTION OF GOODS: VEGETABLES
AS PER P/O NO: QD970321 FRICE TERMS:
CIF TOKYO / KOBE JAPAN
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN AND MANUFACTURER: CHINA
DOCUMENTS REQUIRED:
＋ FULL SET OF CLEAN “OB DOARD ”, FREIGHT PREPAID OCEAN BILLS OF LADING, MADE OUT TO ORDER OF
FUJI BANK LTD. AND NOTIFY: APPLICANT.
＋ SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICES IN 5 COPIES INCLUDING P/O NO, L/C NO.
＋ PACKING LIST IN 5 COPIES INDICATING GROSS AND NET WEIGHTS OF EACH PACKAGE.
＋ INSUARANCE POLICY FOR THE FULL CIF INVOICE VALUE PLUS 10 PERCENT COVERING ICC(A) CLAUSE. ＋ CERTIFICATE OF QUANTITY / WEIGHT ISSUED BY CIQ (customs immigration quarantine)
＋ CERTIFIED COPY BENEFICIARY’S CABLE FACSIMILE ADVICE TO APPLICANT ADVISING THE NAME OF CARRYING VASSEL, ITS SAILING DATE, TOTAL NUMBER OF PACKINGS, VALUE OF GOODS, L/C NO, CONTRACT NO, QUANTITY, PORT OF DESTINATION WITHIN 48 HOURS AFTER SHIPMENT DATE.
PERIOD FOR PRESENTATION:
DOCUMENTS TO BE PRESENTED WITHIN 15 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF ISSUANCE OF THE DOCUMENTS, BUT
NOT EXCEED THE CREDIT VALIDITY. CONFIRMATION INSTRUCTION: WITHOUT BANKING CHARGES:
ALL BAKING CHARGES OUTSIDE ISSUING BANK ARE FOR ACOOUNT OF THE BENEFICIARY.
INSTRUCTIONS TO NEG / ACC/ PAY BANK:
＋ ALL DOCUMENTS ARE TO BE SENT IN ONE LOT BY EXPRESS AIRMAIL TO OURSELVES.
＋ THE AMOUNT OF EACH DRAWINGS MUST BE ENDORSED ON THE REVERSE OF THIS CREDIT INSTRUMENT. ＋ A DISCREPANCY FEE OF USD 50.00 OR EQUIVALENT WILL BE DEDUCTED FROM THE PROCEEDS IF
DOCUMENTS ARE PRESENTED WITH DISCREPANCIY (IES).
WE ENGAGE WITH DRAWERS, ENDORSERS AND BONA FIDE HOLDERS OF DRAFT(S) DRAWN UNDER AND IN
COMPLIANCE WITH THE TERMS OF THIS CREDIT THAT SUCH DRAFT(S) WILL BE DULY HONOURED ON DUE PRESENTATION AND ON DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS AS SPECIFIED.
THIS LETTER OF CREDIT IS SUBJECT TO THE UNIFORM CUSTOMS AND PRACTICE FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDITS
(1993 REV.) ICC PUBLICATION 500.
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