成本管理外文文献翻译(3)

b) Ensure all costs are properly allocated against project codes

c) Ensure all costs are genuinely in pursuit of project activities

d) Check that other projects are not using the budget.

Then, managers should monitor and control change to the project budget. It means the following things:

a) Concerned with key factors that cause changes to the budget

b) Controlling actual cost changes as they occur

- Monitor cost performance to detect variances

- Record all appropriate changes accurately in the cost baseline

- Preventing incorrect, unauthorized changes being included in the cost baseline

- Determine positive and negative variances

- Integrated with all other control processes (scope, change, schedule, quality)

As a project is dynamic, sometimes the project managers know the project is going out off target by monitoring, but don't know the best action to take. In this circumstance, net present value (NPV) should be used as an ongoing monitor and control mechanism, because NPV takes account of the time element and discounts future cash flows, it is the result of the time effect on cash

4.3 Change monitor and control

Voropajev (1998) states that dynamic changes of project environment will influence the process of project implementation, the project itself and may cause heightened risk. When carried out some activities, the methods different from that in the original plan must be used to keep the process moving forward (as experienced under practice). Therefore, changes are inevitable and need to be managed during project life-cycle (Voropajev. 1998,p 16- 17) .An effective change control system should be established to ensure change procedure is clear and unambiguous and easy for employee to request a change. And the following things need to be concerned:

a) Monitoring and forecasting most probable changes Key factors that generate change to ensure good results; make sure that change must be checked by suitable person.

b) Changes should take place once it is approved and be monitored to check whether it worked as expected

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