66. According to Visitor Code, visitors are expected to act_______. A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasure C. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation 67. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?
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A. Take your own camping facilities. B. Bury glass far away from rivers. C. Follow the track for the sake of plants. D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.
68. What is allowed to take into New Zealand according to the Visitor Code?
A. wild honey B. fresh grape fruit C. Chinese ham D. duty-free wine 69. The underlined word fragile probably means __________. A. breakable and delicate B. fragrant and beautiful C. rare and expensive D. healthy and strong
(B)
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interests in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get started. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences and to develop social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet those needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivation of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of opportunity given, some schools have launched volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g. ―I volunteer because it’s important to me.‖) to an external factor (e.g. ―I volunteer because I’m prepared to do so.‖) When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activity a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfactions as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not support you, it leads to important practical advice. The
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researchers note that attention should be given to ―training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they experience.‖ Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view ―volunteer‖ as an important social role. It was estimated that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also assumed be more likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which social role matters by responding to statements such as ―Volunteering at hospitals is an important part of who I am.‖ Consistent with the researchers’ expectations, they focused a positive cohesion(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the lengths of time people contributed to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice. ―Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.‖ Items I like T-shits that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity. 70. People volunteer mainly out of__________.
A. academic requirements B. social expectations C. financial rewards D. internal needs 71. What can we learn from Florida study? A. Follow up studies should last for one year. B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared. C. Volunteer training is a must in research. D. Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
72. What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
A. individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirt. C. Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical advice from researchers. 73. What is the best title of the passage?
A. How to get people to volunteer B. How to study volunteer behaviors C. How to keep volunteers’ interest D. How to organize volunteers’ activities
(C)
1.While awareness and mastery of skills are important steps in any learning process, it is only when conscious skills are put to work that you will experience the involvement and excitement that accompany personal growth. The infant mimicking sounds, the youngster practicing to ride his bicycle, the teenager learning to drive, the adult preparing to buy a house—all experience a good deal of anticipation, but the anticipation pales next to the excitement of first communicating verbally of riding a bicycle solo or taking that first drive or moving into that first home. In other words, social interaction is the highest degree of personal involvement, the logical peak experience towards which awareness and mastery lead.
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