定语从句关系代词与关系副词的区别教案

个性化教案 定语从句关系代词与关系副词的区别 适用学科 适用区域 知识点 教学目标 英语 通用 定语从句 知识目标：1、定语从句中关系词的区别； 2、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句； 3、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句； 4、定语从句和同位语从句的区别； 能力目标：能够选择正确的关系词。 适用年级 高三 课时时长（分钟） 60分钟 教学重点 教学难点 1. 定语从句关系词的选用； 2. 只能that或which的情况； 1. which和as的区别； 2. whose 用法及转换形式； 3. 介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置(介词短语和动词短语)； 4. 定语从句中的特殊情况。 教学过程

一、复习预习

教师引导学生复习上节课留的作业，进行评价并讲解。

二、知识讲解

1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。

2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.

3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。

（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合

成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。

（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：

①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

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This is the place which is worth visiting.

②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。

There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词

关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。 5、确定关系词的步骤

（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which

（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of

等修饰时。

（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。

Which are the books that you bought for me ? 7、宜用which而不用that的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时

8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词 （1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。

（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。 （3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。

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Who is that girl that is standing by the window? （4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。

9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：

Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving? There is a room, whose window faces the river. There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.

注意：区别①such ? that ?引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.

②the same ? that ? 引导定语从句。 I want to use the same tool that you

used just now.

（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。

区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如??一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not flat. 11、关系副词when与where、why、that

when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / at / from / which why指原因 = for which

当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.

当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

12、必须注意的问题

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（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。 （2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。 ①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 ②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。

③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句） （3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。 ②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语) （4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。 ①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。 ②关系词作表语。

（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。

（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。 （7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：

①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行词）

He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）

②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday？ Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday?

③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening. ④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.

考点/易错点1

先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词 或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样

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作先行词。

考点/易错点2

关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。 关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。

考点/易错点3

确定关系词的步骤

（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

考点/易错点4

关系词宜用that而不用which

（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of

等修饰时。

（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

考点/易错点5

用which而不用that的情况 （1）在非限制性定语从句中 （2）在关系词前有介词时 （3）当先行词本身是that时 （4）当关系词离先行词较远时

考点/易错点6

用as和which引导。

区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如??一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另

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处。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not flat.

考点/易错点7

注意区别定语从句与强调句。

①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。 ②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。

③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）

考点/易错点8

定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。 ②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)

三、例题精析

【例题1】

The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。

【例题2】

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_________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如??”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。

【例题3】

After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。

四、课堂运用

【基础】

1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _____ effects the people are still suffering. A. that

C. those 【答案】B

【解析】本题题干中的effects和先行词floods之间有所属关系，所以要用whose，这样from whose effects一起引导定语从句。

2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, __________ he studied

B. whose D. what

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very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. A. during which time C. during whose time

【答案】A

【解析】通过分析属干可以知道。先行词表示的是一个时间段，且在从句中充当时间状语，根据这个意思，用“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句。c项中的whose不能用来指代时间。

3. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how

C. where 【答案】C

【解析】本题考查关系副词where在定语从句中的用法。现行词a business表示地点“公司”，在定语从句中作状语，故选用where。

4. The English play ________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which

C. in which 【答案】C

【解析】本题考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时。从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。介词的选择，取决于与现行词成从句之间的关系。“在英语剧中扮演角色”应为act in the English play，因此关系代词which前应用介词in，故本题选C。

B. at which D. on which

B. which D. that

B. for which time D. by that time

【巩固】

1. New York, ________ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that

C. when 【答案】B

B. which D. in which

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【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导；关系词在定语从句中作及物动词visited的宾语，故正确答案是B。

2. I can think of many cases _______students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.

A. why C. as 【答案】D

【解析】本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。本题先行词是cases，意为“个案”。从句中不缺少主语和宾语。故应用where引导定语从句且在从句中作状语。正确答案是D。 3. George Orwell, ________ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.

A. the real name C. his real name 【答案】D

【解析】whose引导定语从句时，只能用作定语；其他选项均不能构成定语从句。

B. what his real name D. whose real name

B. which D. where

【拔高】

1．_______is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making

A. It

B. As D. What

C. That 【答案】B

【解析】引导非限制性定语从句，而且可以放在句首，这时as用作从句中的主语，代替主句的内容。如果把句中的逗号去掉，就可以选A项。

2. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently.

A who

B. as D. with whom

C. about which 【答案】D

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【解析】talk的意思是“交谈”，是不及物动词，后面带宾语就要带适当的介词，因为定语从句的先行词是人，一个构成talk with sb.结构，且把介词提前。

3．Anyway, that evening, _______ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying

at Rachel's place. A. when C. what 【答案】D

【解析】通过分析可以知道：that evening是定语从句的先行词，但是在句子中用作介词about的宾语，所以不能用when，要用which引导定语从句。

B. where D. which

课程小结

知识：1、定语从句中关系词的区别；

2、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句； 3、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句； 4、定语从句和同位语从句的区别； 5、定语从句的分割现象等。 方法：确定关系词的步骤

（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 （3）关系词的区别及具体关系词的选用。

课后作业

【基础】

1. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 2. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. A. which

B. of which

C. that

D. whose

3. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

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A. which B. that C. where D. it 4. —What do you think of teacher, Bob？

—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting.

A. where B. which C. when D. that 5. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ______was more than we could expect. A.it

B.what

C.which

D.that

【答案及解析】

1、D考查定语从句。人生像一场长跑比赛, 我们在比赛中和他人竞争以超越自己。先行词race在定语从句中作地点状语需加介词in, 因此用where。答案D。

2、D考查定语从句。我出生在路易斯安娜州的新奥尔良市, 这是一个看到它的名字就会在我们脑海里浮现出一副绿树成荫、青草萋萋的画面的城市。先行词city在从句中作name的定语, 因此填whose。答案D。

3、A考查非限制性定语从句。我朋友带我参观这小镇, 他这么做真是一个好人。这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。

4、A考查定语从句。——鲍勃, 你觉得教书怎么样？——我觉得这是个很有趣且具挑战性的工作。这是一项你始终认真对待但乐趣无穷的工作。先行词job与介词in搭配在从句中作地点状语, in which＝where。答案A。

5. C句意为：那里的路况证明是非常好的, 这超出了我们的想象。which引导非限制性定语从句, which指代前面整个句子的内容。A、B、D三项均不能引导非限制性定语从句。

【巩固】

6. I’ll give you my friend’s home address, evenings. A.which

B.when

C.whom

D.where

I can be reached most

7. All the neighbors admire this family, their child like a friend. A.why

B.where

the parents are treating

C.which D.that

8. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers

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consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A.where

B.when

C.who

D.which

are

9. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, beyond our control. A.most of them

B.most of which

C.most of what

D.most of that

10. The man pulled out a gold watch, A.the hands of whom

were made of small diamonds.

B.whom the hands of D.the hands of which

C.which the hands of 【答案及解析】

6、D由于先行词是home address表示地点, 故定语从句中的关系词应为where。

7、B考查非限制性定语从句。句意为：所有的邻居都对这个家庭赞赏不已, 在这个家庭里, 父母对待他们的孩子就像对待朋友一样。family后跟非限制性定语从句, 此处缺少地点状语, 故用where。

8、A这个从句应是定语从句, 先行词是前面的cases, 空白处在从句中作状语, 应用where引导, 指抽象的地点, 意为 “在这些案例中??”。

9、B句意为：植物的生长速度受诸多因素的影响, 绝大多数的因素是我们控制不了的。which引导非限制性定语从句, 且作介词of的宾语。

10、D watch是物, 故定语从句的引导词不可用whom, 可排除A、B两项。由句意可知, 空格处可填入whose hands或the hands of which表示所属关系。

【拔高】

11. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when

B. where

C. which

D. whom

12. is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.

A. It B. That C. What D. As

13. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.

A. that B. which C. who D. what

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14.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A them

B. that

C. which D. whom

15.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live. A. what

B. which

C. when

D. where

【答案及解析】

11、C考查定语从句。句意为：最后他到达一个完全与世隔绝的孤岛。定语从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词；先行词island指物，故使用关系代词which.。

12、D考查定语从句。此处as引导的定语从句位于主句之前，指代整个主句内容。意为：正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好了。

13、B考查定语从句。此处关系代词which指代整个主句引导非限制性定语从句。翻译为：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这是在今天的报纸上宣布的。

14、D考查定语从句。先行词为40 people，定语从句中缺少主语，故使用whom。介词之后不能用that，应予以排除；which指先行词为物；them为人称代词，应用于并列句中。 15、D考查定语从句。此处先判断从句类型为定语从句，先行词为the environment，定语从句中live为不及物动词，因此不缺少主干成分，应填关系副词；且先行词environment指地点，故用where，相当于in which。

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