00-11年英语自学考试改写句子部分(已校正加评注)

历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

→I am sure it’ll do you good if you admit making the mistake.

6. At a very early stage, Paderewski revealed that he was a master of the keyboard. (2007.4.63) →At a very early stage, Paderewski revealed himself to be a master of the keyboard. 7. I can’t imagine that he would ever agree to such a proposition. (2008.4.52-1、2008.7.60) →I can’t imagine his/ him ever agreeing to such a proposition.

8. She ran from the house. This looked as if she were escaping. (2008.4.52-2) →She ran from the house looking as if escaping. 9. She stood up so that she could be seen better. (2011.4.64) →She stood up in order to be seen better.

10. The witness reported that he had seen a dark saloon car parked outside the bank at the time of the robbery. (2011.7.63) →The witness reported having seen a dark saloon car parked outside the bank at the time of the robbery. 11. Please advise me which I should choose. (2009.7.63) →Please advise me to choose which one.

Using the nonfinite verb form: 非限定动词的马甲 这里考的是“独立主格”，自己百度下什么叫“独立主格”！ 1. When the reports arrived, we began to assess them. (2009.4.59) → Reports having arrived, …

2. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare. (2010.7.64) →Having known that he was poor, I offered to pay his fare. Using a non-finite clause as subject: 马甲2

1. It is difficult to study English well within 2 years. (2009.7.68) →To study English well is difficult within 2 years.

Use-ed participle as a complement: 过去分词 （只考过一次，过去分词的作用类似于形容词） 1. He felt that his spirit was lifted after hearing the news. (2003.4.60) → He felt his spirit lifted after hearing the news.

Chapter 9 Adjective Phrase and Comparison

Combining sentences using comparative degree (more...than...): 形容词的比较级（初中的内容，比较简单！） 1. Susan is intelligent. Mary is not that intelligent. (2001.4.60) →Susan is more intelligent than Mary.

2. He works carefully. I don’t work carefully enough. (2005.4.63) →He works more carefully than I do.

Combining the sentences using superlative degree: 形容词最高级

1. John is 1.70m tall. Bill is 1.73m in height. Mike is 2cm taller than Bill. (2006.4.63) →Mike is the tallest of (among) the three.

Using the less...than...comparative construction that expresses the same meaning: 反向比较，比较级的马甲，没什么难度 1. Their house is far more expensive than ours. (2006.7.63) → Our house is far less expensive than theirs. 2. Mary is far more honest than her boss. (2007.7.63) →Mary’s boss is far less honest than Mary.

Chapter 10 Preposition and Prepositional Phrase

Replacing the adverbial clause in italics by a prepositional phrase: 用介词短语来代替从句 （此类题型有些难度，但是出题者出这类题难度

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

更大，再考的话估计也只能换个马甲考你们，记住下面这道题就可以了！）

1. She met her ex-husband while she was on her way to the supermarket yesterday. (2006.4.61) → She met her ex-husband on her way to the supermarket yesterday.

Chapter 11 Coordination and Subordination 并列和从属 （两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同，并由并列连词连接起来的语法结构叫并列结构。句与句的关系只有这两种，不是并列就是从属。这类改写句子主要难在需要记住并区分一大堆并列和从属连词。详细解释见讲义）

Combine sentences using coordination and/or subordination: 改成并列句或从属句

1. You may drive very carefully. Still you will probably have an accident eventually. (2000.4.61) →No matter how/However carefully you drive, you will probably have an accident eventually. 2. He didn't dare to leave the house. He was afraid that someone would recognize him. (2000.4.62) →He didn't dare to leave the house

lest someone should recognize him.

3. You are in doubt about deductions on our tax return. Call the IRS collect. (2002.4.61) →When/if (you are) in doubt deductions on our tax return, call the IRS collect.

4. We carved their names on the stone. Our purpose was to have future generations know what they had done. (2002.4.62) →We carved their names on the stone so that/in order that future generations should /might know what they had done.

5. New Hampshire does not have a general sales tax. It does not have an income tax either. It is the only state that does not have either tax. (2003.4.62)

→New Hampshire is the only state that does not have either a general sales tax or an income tax. 6. She introduced me to her husband. I had met her husband in Paris. (2004.4.61) →She introduced me to her husband, whom I had met in Paris.

7. The tests do not measure genuine intellectual ability. Colleges use the tests to screen applicants for admission. (2004.4.62) →The tests (that/which) colleges use to screen applicants for admission do not measure genuine intellectual ability. 8. The men will be compensated. Their houses were damaged. (2006.4.64) →The men whose houses were damaged will be compensated.

9. I was at college for two years. He was the only friend I made during those years. (2005.7.62) →He was the only friend I made during the two years when I was at college.

10. These books will give you all the information you need. You can get them at any bookshop. (2005.7.63) →These books that you can get at any bookshop will give you all the information you need. 11. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp. (2004.7.58) →She was dancing with a student who had a slight limp.

Combine sentences using coordination: 改成并列句 （注意别改成从属句了）

1. On his way up the hill Jack fell down. He hurt his hands and knees. Jimmy got to the top all right. (2004.7.56) →On his way up the hill Jack fell down and hurt his hands and knees but Jimmy got to the top all right Combine sentences using subordination: 改成从属句 （注意别改成并列句）

1. John decided to renew the lease on his New York apartment. He was growing tried of city life. (2003.4.61) →John decided to renew the lease on his New York apartment even though he was growing tired of city life. 2. He came out of the Conference Room. Reporters surrounded him. (2004.7.57) →Reporter surrounded him when he came out of the Conference Room.

Chapter 12 Relative Clause 关系从句 （关系从句是从属句的一种，也就是我们常说的定语从句。做这类题要注意两点：1、别改成并列句了2、注意引导词的选择（who, which, that, when, while...）。3、注意区分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句！此类题型是高中语法的重点，网上

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

资料很多，自己百度去，实在是不明白可以Q我！ ）

Combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause/ Combining the two sentences by using a relative clause：

1. She is so clever. She won’t believe his promise. (2000.4.63) → She, who is so clever, won't believe his promise.

2. You sent my son an English-Chinese dictionary. Thank you very much. (2001.4.61) → Thank you very much for the English-Chinese dictionary you sent my son. 3. You sent me a Christmas card. Thank you so much. (2008.7.69) → Thank you so much for the Christmas card you sent me.

4. Twenty horses were put into the corral. They were to be trained for riding. (2001.4.62) → Twenty horses that were to be trained for riding were put into the corral.

5. My boss is a very considerate person. His predecessor was not a considerate person at all (2002.4.63) → My boss is a very considerate person, which his predecessor was not at all.

6. My boss is an incredibly boring person. His predecessor was not a boring person at all. (2011.4.65) →My boss is an incredibly boring person, which his predecessor was not at all.

7. She was afraid people would consider her conceited. She was actually not conceited at all. (2003.4.63) → She was afraid people would consider her conceited, which she was actually not.

8. He is a kind man. He is always ready to help others. He never asks for other’s help. (2004.4.63) → He is a kind man who is always ready to help others but who never asks for other’s help. 9. The monsoon season occurs in Thailand every year. It causes heavy rains. (2005.4.64) → The monsoon season which/that causes heavy rains occurs in Thailand every year.

10. My special gratitude goes to Professor Wang. Without his help this book would not have been finished in time. (2005.4.65) → My special gratitude goes to Professor Wang, without (whose help/which) this book would not have been finished in time. 11. Philip bought an English-Chinese dictionary last week. He found it very useful. (2009.4.64-1) → Philip found the English-Chinese dictionary that he bought last week very useful.

12. Heavy storms occurred in the area this summer. It caused serious damage to the crops. (2009.4.64-2) → The heavy storms that occurred in the area this summer caused serious damage to the crops. 13. He said that the men were thieves. This turned out to be true. (2010.4.65) → He said that the men were thieves, which turned out to be true.

14. This is the only one of the many houses here. This was destroyed by the earthquake. (2011.4.68) → This is the only one of the many houses here which was destroyed by the earthquake. 15. She is an English teacher. I know her. She can improve your pronunciation. (2005.7.64) →She is an English teacher I know who can improve your pronunciation.

16. When I was in Shanghai, I visited the house. Lu Xun is said to have lived there for years. (2005.7.65)

→When I was in Shanghai, I visited the house where Lu Xun is said to have lived for years. （这里用where而不能用which） 17. During his stay in Paris, he visited the museum. It was built about 150 years ago. (2006.7.65)

→During his stay in Paris, he visited the museum which was built about 150 years ago. （这里用which而不能用where） 18. When she was in Los Angeles, she stayed in the hotel. It was built in the 19th century. (2007.7.65) →When she was in Los Angeles, she stayed in the hotel which was built in the 19th century. 19. I came cross Jack yesterday afternoon. He told me that he would go to Japan. (2006.7.64) →I came cross Jack yesterday afternoon, who told me that he would go to Japan.

20. On his way home Jack came across a boy. The boy was very bright and honest. (2008.7.67) → On his way home Jack came across a boy, who was very bright and honest.

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

21. My mother bought a fashionable hat at an expensive shop. It was made in China. (2007.7.64) →My mother bought a fashionable hat at an expensive shop which was made in China. 22. Mr. Bush had an immense fortune. In spite of that he was a most unhappy man. (2008.7.68) →Mr. Bush had an immense fortune, in spite of which he was a most unhappy man.

23. The millionaire has made a public appeal. His son ran away from home a week ago. (2011.7.64) →The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago has made a public appeal. 24. They will go to large cities. They think they can find good jobs there. (2010.7.65) →They who think they can find good jobs there will go to large cities. 25. Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, has 11 satellites. (2009.7.65) →Jupiter which is the largest planet in the solar system has 11 satellites. Using a relative pronoun 马甲

1. I am going to the airport to meet Mr. Johnson. He is a close friend of mine. (2007.4.58) → I am going to the airport to meet Mr. Johnson who is a close friend of mine. 2. She is a lawyer. I know her. (2007.4.59) → She is a lawyer who/that/whom I know

3. Jack was born in Brisbane. It is a beautiful city in Australia. (2008.4.48-1) → Jack was born in Brisbane, which is a beautiful city in Australia.

4. John is a very agreeable person. His brother is not an agreeable person at all. (2008.4.48-2) → John is a very agreeable person, which his brother is not at all.

Chapter 13 Adverbials 状语

修饰性状语（adjunct）：修饰性状语分时间、地点、条件、过程、因果等。这类题和从属句考的东西基本相同，难点在于从属连词的选择！ 评论性状语（disjunct）：表明说话人的态度和看法，这类题目比较简单，记住几种常见句型就可以了！） 和连接状语（conjunct）： Using an adjunct:

1. Set your alarm clock, or you will oversleep. (2010.7.67)

→ If you set your alarm clock, you won’t oversleep. 原句是并列结构表示条件，要改成状语从句！ 2. Mary decided to stay in her London apartment. She was growing sick of city Life. (2007.4.60) → Mary decided to stay in her London apartment though she was growing sick of city Life. 3. His child had gone to school. He could concentrate on his research work. (2007.4.64) → As his child had gone to school, he could concentrate on his research work.

4. My wife was using the vacuum cleaner. I was trying to listen to a broadcast play. (2010.4.66) → While my wife was using the vacuum cleaner, I was trying to listen to a broadcast play. 5. His mother waited up. He came home. (2010.4.67) → His mother waited up until he came home. 6. He ran away. He is afraid to be seen. (2011.4.67) →He ran away for fear that/less he should be seen. Combining two sentences using a contrast-adjunct:

1. We live in poverty. Our neighbours have money to burn. (2009.7.67) →We live in poverty while our neighbours have money to burn.

【解析】本题考查第十三章状语中的对比修饰性状语，是课本的321页的例句。注意对比修饰性状语和对比连接性状语的区分！比

修饰性状语连接的是从属句，对比连接性状语是并列句！！！！

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

Combining two sentences using a preference-adjunct:

1. He did not ask for help. He decided to work it out on his own. (2009.7.66) →Rather than ask for help, he decided to work it out on his own.

【解析】本题考查第十三章状语中的对比状语，是课本的321页的例句。 Combining two sentences using a condition-adjunct:

1. The weather keeps fine. I see no reason why the village fete should not be a success. (2009.7.64) →If the weather keeps fine, I seee no reason why the village fete should not be a success.

【解析】条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless,特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on

condition that。【点题】本题考查第十三章状语中的条件状语从句。

Rewrite the following sentence using a disjunct:

1. I will say frankly that the performance was not so successful. (2000.4.64) → Frankly, the performance was not so successful.

2. I will say frankly that he has never intended to keep his word. (2010.7.66) → Frankly, he has never intended to keep his word.

3. It is natural that as a beginner he isn't a good driver yet. (2001.4.63) → Naturally, as a beginner, he isn't a good driver yet. 4. It is natural that she will take after her mother. (2011.4.66) → Naturally, she will take after her mother.

5. It is more important that the government should always be responsive to the public opinions. (2002.4.64) → More importantly, the government should always he responsive to the public opinions.

6. I’m honest when I say that it is a waste of time trying to persuade him to give up smoking. (2005.7.66) →Honestly,

7. It is hoped that the two sides may come to an agreement on this issue. (2011.7.66) →Hopefully,

Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct: 这类题和并列句考的东西基本相同 1. He tried many companies. They all rejected his application. (2009.4.63-1) →He tried many companies, but they all rejected his application.

2. Sidney was lively and talkative. His brother was quiet and reserved. (2011.7.65) →Sidney was lively and talkative. In contrast, his brother was quiet and reserved. 3. It rained heavily last night. All the flowers are gone. (2009.4.63-2) → … and… Using an adverbial clause

1. She wasn’t feeling well. As a result she went to lie down on the couch. (2008.4.49) → Because she wasn't feeling well, she went to lie down on the couch.

Chapter 14 Concord 主谓一致 初中英语学的东西，不解释！

Rewrite the following sentence as required: (Using \ 1. We were responsible for the mistake. (2001.4.64)

→ (Either you or I was) responsible for the mistake. 就近原则 Using \1. They are aware of the risk of the mission. (2006.4.60)

→ The president, as well as his advisors, is aware of the risk of the mission. 主语是President

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

Chapter 2 Sentence Types 反义疑问句

Adding a suitable tag to the following statement： 1. Nothing could make me give it up. (2011.7.61) →Nothing could make me give it up, could it? Combining the two sentences: 组合两个句子

1. I have never been there. This is the first time. (2006.4.62) → This is the first time I have been there.

Reinforce the negation in the following sentence as required：否定加强（否定句可以用不同形式来加强，常用的加强词是never, not at all, never in all, not a single, by no means, not a bit not in the least.）

1. I haven’t seen such a swarm of ants. (never in all one’s life) (2004.7.51) → I have never seen such a swarm of ants in all my life. Reinforcing the negation: 否定加强

1. These goods are not satisfactory. (2009.7.61) → These goods are by no means satisfactory.

Strengthening the force of the following command：祈使句加强（句前加do或者you） 1. Stop lying to me. (2011.7.62)

→ Do stop lying to me. / You stop lying to me. Using an intensifier: 否定加强

1. I have not known him tell a lie. (2010.4.61) → I have never known him tell a lie. 2. I am not interested in economics. (2010.7.61) →I am not interested in economics at all.

3. No one on the committee supported my plan. (2011.4.61) → Not a single committee member supported my plan. Turning the following statements into tag questions: 反义疑问句 1. Bob rarely got drunk. (2010.4.62)

→ Bob rarely got drunk, did he? 解释：rarely否定 2. Everyone is satisfied with the solution. (2000.4.57)

→ Everyone is satisfied with the solution, isn't he/aren't they? 解释：当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one nobody,

somebody等指人的合成词时，附加疑问部分的主语在正式语体中通常用he。但若陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等指物的合成词时，附加疑问部分的主语只能用it

3. We all had a wonderful time at the party last night. (2003.4.57)

→ We all had a wonderful time at the party last night, didn’t we? 4. Nobody showed any interest in his proposal. (2005.7.69) →Nobody showed any interest in his proposal, did he/did they? 5. Everybody knows what he has to do. (2011.4.62)

→ Everybody knows what he has to do, dose’s he/don’t they? 6. They must all have taken the wrong road. (2004.7.52)

→They must all have taken the wrong road, mustn’t they?/haven’t they? 解释：表示推测时，情态动词通常用两种形式都可以，但是mayn’t

the用may they not或者can’t they代替！

7. She must have waited here for a long time. (2010.7.62)

→She must have waited here for a long time, mustn’t she? / haven’t she?

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

Turning the following imperatives into the tag question form: 祈使句加反义疑问句 解释：肯定祈使句的疑问句will you？和won’t you?均可，否定祈使句的反义疑问句只能用will you；let’s或者let’s not均用shall we（区分let’s和let us！！！）

1. Put down all your things on the table. (2008.7.57)

→Put down all your things on the table, will you? / won’t you? 2. Don't let the children stay up too late on weekends. (2001.4.54) → Don't let the children stay up too late on weekends, will you? 3. Let's do it together. (2001.4.55) → Let's do it together, shall we?

4. Don’t let the children eat a lot of sweets and ice creams. (2007.4.57) → Don’t let the children eat a lot of sweets and ice creams, will you? 5. Don’t do anything silly like that any more. (2006.7.57) →Don’t do anything silly like that any more, will you? 6. Give the students some examples of this. (2007.7.57) →Give the students some examples of this, will you? Using a question tag:

1. I don’t suppose that he is serious. (2009.7.62) →I don’t suppose that he is serious, is he?

解释：含有宾语从句时，如果主句的主语非第一人称，反义疑问句根据主句提问，否则根据从句提问。

Turning the singular nouns or noun phrases into plural forms wherever possible with other necessary changes: 改复数，比较简单，不解释，不懂看考纲！

2. A traffic accident often occurs at a crossroads. (2001.4.57) → Traffic accidents often occur at crossroads.

3. The passer-by stopped and put his hand into his trouser pocket. (2002.4.57) → The passers-by stopped and put their hands into their trousers pockets. 4. The passer-by stopped and looked at the child’s mother. (2007.7.60) → The passers-by stopped and looked the children’s mothers. 5. He was anxious to increase his knowledge. (2005.4.60) → They were anxious to increase their knowledge. 6. She is a woman pilot. (2006.4.65) → They are women pilots.

7. Tell the kid to bring a raincoat with him tomorrow. (2006.4.66) → Tell the kids to bring raincoats with them tomorrow. 8. The man felt that he was at a crossroads in his life. (2006.7.60) →. The men felt that they were at a crossroads in their lives. Turn the following statement into an exclamation: 改感叹句 改感叹句的步骤：

1. 表示程度的副词要去掉（如such, very）。 2. 形容词或者动词短语只能用how。

3. 复数名词、不可数名词或者短语时只能用what 1. These old men are very nice people. (2005.4.57)

→ What nice people these old men are! /How nice the old men are

!（men是复数，所以不能用how别漏了感叹号）

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

2. They are working with great enthusiasm. (2005.4.58)

→ With what great enthusiasm they are working! （不能用how，因为enthusiasm是不可数名词） 3. They are running fast. (2004.7.53) →How fast they are running!

4. It is thoughtful of him to send flowers. (2006.7.58) → How thoughtful he is to send flowers! 5. He’s got a really cute baby brother. (2007.7.58) →What a really cute baby brother he’s got.

Turn the following statement into a negative imperative: 把祈使句改成否定（大多数在句子前加Don?t，Let开头的祈使句有两种改法，如果你想偷懒可以不记另外一种，直接在句子开头加Don?t！）

1. Someone turn on the light, please. (2004.4.57、2006.7.59) → Don’t anyone turn on the light, please.

2. Put the box somewhere in the storeroom. (2005.4.59、2007.7.60) → Don’t put the box anywhere in the storeroom. 3. Put the box somewhere in the storeroom. → Don’t put the box anywhere in the storeroom.

Turning the following statement into a YES-NO question: 改一般疑问句（小学三年级开始学的内容！） 1. I have already finished the assignment the teacher gave us last week. (2001.4.56) → Have you finished the assignment the teacher gave us last week yet? 2. Bring me some paper please. (2009.4.57)

→ Would/Can/Could you bring me some paper please?

3. He’s always telling me that I don’t plan for the future. (2008.4.47)

→ Is he always telling you that you don't plan for the future? 考你人称的变化

Chapter 4 Noun and Noun Phrase (2): Determiner and Genitive

Using a genitive or a double genitive wherever possible: 双重属格 （可以理解为“某人的XX中的一个或一些”，不能理解这句话的话先看看例句！）

1. Professor Smith is one of my teacher's old friends. (2006.4.67) → Professor Smith is an old friend of my teacher’s.

2. I believe the reputation of our university is as good as that of any other university. (2006.4.68) → I believe the reputation of our university is as good as that of any other's. 3. I found some of your old hats. (2006.4.69) → I found some old hats of yours.

Chapter 6 Verb and Verb Phrase (2): Passive Voice and Subjunctive Mood 改成被动语态（tips：注意改后的时态！时态的还原请参考讲义） Turn the following sentence into the passive voice:

1. According to them, only three villages used to speak the ancient language of Aramaic. (2000.4.58) 解释：According to的被动为It?s said that →The ancient language of Aramaic is said to have been spoken only in three villages. 3. According to them, only two tribes used to speak the ancient language of Aramaic. (2003.4.58) →The ancient language of Aramaic is said to have been spoken only among two tribes. 6. All the tourists who want to swim in the beach must observe this rule. (2008.4.50-2) → This rule must be observed by all the tourists who want to swim in the beach.

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

7. All the students who are applying for the government loan must observe this rule. (2009.4.61) → This rule must be observed by all the students…

2. All the students who are applying for the government loan must observe this rule. (2000.4.59、2005.7.60) →This rule must be observed by all the students who are applying for the government loan. 4. Couldn’t we ask someone to take on the job privately without anyone knowing? (2007.4.61) →Couldn’t anyone be asked to take on the job privately without anyone knowing? 5. People are not paying enough attention to such kind of illness in this district. (2008.4.50-1) → Enough attention is not being paid to such kind of illness in this district. Such kind of illness in this district is not being paid enough attention to by people. 8. We must put an end to this state of things as soon as possible. (2010.4.69) → This state of things must be put an end to as soon as possible. 9. I don’t mind you criticizing me. (2011.4.69) → I don’t mind being criticized.

10. The sad story needn’t have caused him so much distress. (2008.7.58) → He needn’t have been caused so much distress by the sad story. 11. We imported from abroad a lot of machinery. (2010.7.68) →A lot of machinery was imported from abroad. 12. Mary seems to like John very much. (2010.7.69) →John seems to be liked by Mary very much.

Turn the following sentence into the passive, using by-phrase if necessary：改被动语态 1. Don‘t try to expect them to reward you with the money they promised. (2004.7.54) →Don‘t try to expect to be rewarded by them with the money they promised.

In answering the question below, use (a) the information given in brackets, and (b) the passive voice as a means of achieving end-focus. 好长的马甲，其实还是改被动！被动语态在信息结构中的作用是末尾中心，详细解释见课本15章

1. Were Christopher Columbus and his men the first Europeans to discover America ? (Norsemen landed on the coast of North America in the 10th or 11th century) (2005.4.56)

→No, America was discovered in the 10th or 11th century by Norsemen.

Combining the two sentences by using subjunctive mood: 虚拟语态 （比较复杂，请认真阅读讲义！） 1. A neighbour acted quickly and thus stopped the fire from spreading to the other floors.

→ If it had not been for the quick action of a neighbour, the fire would have spread to the other floors. (2001.4.58) → If a neighbour had not acted quickly, the fire would have spread to the other floors. (2004.4.59)

2. She has little knowledge about the painting. But she talked in a way that made people believe the contrary. (2004.4.58) → She spoken as if she had known a lot about the painting.

3. She has little knowledge about the country. But she talked in a way that made people believe the country. (2009.4.62) → She talked as if she had much knowledge about the country.

4. He isn’t the boss here, but he speaks in a way that makes people believe he is. (2011.7.72) →He speaks as if he were the boss here. 5. I wish to own a house of my own. (2004.4.60) → I wish I owned a house of my own.

Chapter 7 Verb and Verb Phrase (3): Modal Auxiliaries

Using a proper modal auxiliary: 使用情态动词 （解释见讲义）

1. It is my conviction that computer hacking is undermining the information industry. (2000.4.60、2005.7.68)

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

→Computer hacking must be detrimental to the information industry.

2. They were obliged to finance from short-term loans as the debts fell due. (2003.4.59、2005.4.61) →They had to finance from short-term loans as the debts fell due. 3. To get laid off was the last thing he ever anticipated. (2008.4.51) →He never anticipated that he could get laid off.

4. It is not even barely possible that he made that mistake. (2009.4.58) →He can’t have made that mistake.

5. Perhaps he was working for Simons. (2010.4.63) →He may have been working for Simons.

6. It is possible that the chair will accept your proposal if you put it in the right way. (2011.4.63) → The chair may accept your proposal if you put it in the right way.

7. The Bulls were probably not well prepared for the third game of the 1997 NBA final. (2004.7.55、2010.7.63) →The bulls may not have been well prepared for the third game of the 1997 NBA final. 8. I had a habit of hitting the wrong key of the typewriter. (2006.7.61)

→ I would hit the wrong key of the typewriter. 解释：表示习惯用情态动词would 9. Grandfather has got into the habit of sitting looking at this view all day long. (2007.7.61) →Grandfather would sit looking at this view all day long. 10. I was sure that nobody had noticed his absence. (2008.7.59) → Anybody can’t have noticed his absence.

11. I can’t believe that they have been waiting so long. (2011.7.69) → They can’t have been waiting so long.

12. I just don't believe that the line has been engaged all this time. Maybe there's a fault on it. (2002.4.59) → The line can’t have been engaged all the time .There could /may /might be a fault on it. 13. Am I not right in supposing this is the one you want? (2007.4.62)

→ Will this be the one you want?

Chapter 8 Verb and Verb Phrase (4): Non-finite Verbs 非限定动词 （包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词，但是过去分词比较少考。此类题型的难点主要是判断是用不定式还是现在分词！详细解释见讲义和考纲） Replacing the first clause by using non-finite verb form:

1. The warlord had committed crimes against humanity, so his people strongly desired that he would be punished. (2006.7.62) →The warlord had committed crimes against humanity, so his people strongly desired him to be punished.

2. It’s been decided that a nuclear power station will be built in the suburbs. However, the environmentalists are against the decision. (2007.7.62) →The environmentalists are against the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs. Using a non-finite verb form：非限定动词

1. The government threatened that it would cut down tobacco sales nationwide. (2000.4.68) →The government threatened to cut down tobacco sales nationwide. 2. My friends recommended that I should give up smoking. (2005.4.62) →My friends recommended me to give up smoking.

3. It's a good idea that we do not permit smoking in this area. (2002.4.60) →It’s a good idea not to permit smoking in this area.

4. I don't think she would admit that she had sold the house. (2001.4.59) →I don't think she would admit selling the house.

5. I am sure it’ll do you good if you admit that you made the mistake. (2010.4.64)

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

Use “neither” as part of the subject: 1. Both statements are not true. (2005.4.67) Neither of the statements is true. Using \ 1. They haven't come back yet. (2006.4.59) → None of them has come back yet.

Chapter 15 Information structure and Emphasis

信息结构就是句子的重要信息的位置。通过调节调整该信息的位置来突出重要信息。这部分的内容在写作和口语中起到重要作用，请认真阅读，并试着运用到写作和口语！！！！这一章考的内容就是高中时学的倒装知识的延伸。这一章看起来很复杂，其实考的东西很机械，只要记住几种句型的变化就可以了，不难！

Rewrite the following sentence using discontinuity extraposition: 外位 【外位是后移（postponement）的一种（还有一种叫分隔），其实就是用it做形式主语或者形式宾语，再把原宾语放到句子最后】

1. To see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes breaks my heart. (2004.4.66、2009.4.60)

→It breaks my heart to see all the high school kids ……

2. To see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes makes a disappointing view. (2007.4.65)

→It makes a disappointing view to see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes

3. Meeting you in London that day was pleasant. (2010.4.70) →It was pleasant meeting you in London that day. 4. You will feel listening to him talk boring. (2011.4.70) →You will feel it boring listening to him talk.

5. You keep biting your nails and I find it disgusting. (2005.7.61) →I find it disgusting that you keep biting your nails

6. Whether they come or not doesn't matter very much. (2010.7.70) →It doesn't matter very much whether they come or not. 7. To drive without a license is illegal. (2009.7.69) →It is illegal to drive without a license.

Rewrite the following sentences beginning each with anticipatory \也是考外位，马甲 1. This question is very easy to answer. (2001.4.67-1) → It is very easy to answer this question.

2. You seem to have taken a dislike to him (2001.4.67-2)

→ It seems that you have taken a dislike to him. 不是外位，有点难度，保佑别再考到！ Using discontinuity 分隔

外位是吧整个分句移到到句末中心位，分隔只是把分句的某一部分移走，即把后置修饰语和被修饰的名词分隔开。

以上是课本中的解释！我的个人理解是外位后移的是句子的主语或者宾语，而分隔是把句子的补充说明部分（通常为定语或者定语从句）移到句子的后面，原来的位置不要用it取代！

1. Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children. (2002.4.65、2003.4.65) → Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful to children than expected. 2. He is the only student who applies for financial aid in this school. (2011.4.71)

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

→He is the only student in this school who applies for financial aid. 3. The days when he could boss me around are gone. (2009.7.70) →The days are gone when he could boss me around.

4. Many ways to use small and simple machines to process large and complicated machine parts have been found. (2011.7.67) →Many ways have been found to use small and simple machines to process large and complicated machine parts. Using fronting 前移

1. He plunged into the tumultuous water just to show off to the girls. (2000.4.69、2003.4.66) →Into the tumultuous water he plunged just to show off to the girls.

→To show off to the girls, he plunged into the tumultuous water. （这样改应该也可以！） 5. He threatened to take his revenge on his father’s murderer, and he will take the revenge. (2009.7.71) →His revenge on his father’s murderer he threatened to take, and he will take the revenge.

【解析】前移是把原来位于句中或句末的部分移至句首，给人一种出其不意的感觉。这里两个分句的重点都说的是杀父之仇，故是重

点，因此移这个在句首。【点题】本题考查十五章信息结构和强调中前移。

Rewrite the following sentence using cleaving: 分裂 【It + be + 被强调部分（例外见考纲p112） + that分句（如果是强调人用who）】 1. At the party, Jack revealed Tom’s scandal. (2002.4.66)

→It is/was at the party that Jack revealed Tom’s scandal. （原句采用了前移的方法把句子的中心移到句首，可见强调的是at the party，所

以这句才是正确答案，如果原句是Jack revealed Tom’s scandal at the party.的话可以采用下面两种改法）

It was Jack who revealed Tom’s scandal at the party. It was Tom’s scandal that Jack revealed at the party.

Using a cleft sentence to highlight the place adjunct: 用分裂句来强调地点状语（其实就是改为分裂句） 1. Jack hit Tom at the party. (2008.7.63) →It was at the party that Jack hit Tom. Using a pseudo-deft sentence: 拟似分裂句 They want money, not you life.

问：他们要的是什么What they want答：是钱，不是你的命is money, not your life. 1. The students are going to write theses. (2010.4.68) → What the students are going do to is (to) write theses.

问：学生们打算做什么？What the students are going to do（等下要变成从句，所以用陈述语序！）答：是写论文is to write theses. Rephrase these sentences so as to begin each with the existential “there”: 存在句

存在句就是小学六年级开始学的there be结构的延伸。There be + 物或者人 + that分句或先非限定分句 1. A small, grey monkey was wearing my best silk tie. (2005.4.55a) → There is a small, grey monkey wearing my best silk tie.

2. Many citizens believed that the fire had been caused by foreigners. (2005.4.55b) → There were many citizens who believed that the fire had been caused by foreigners.

Using inversion: 倒装 【倒装和前移（fronting）的区别在于倒装是谓语移到主语的前面，而前移的主语还是在谓语的前面。倒转分全部倒转和部分倒装。认真阅读考纲p110-111，此外，我上次介绍给你们的那本语法书里有很详细的解释】

1. Come and teach in our school. You won’t find such fine pupils anywhere else. (2010.4.71)

→Come and teach in our school. Nowhere else will you find such fine pupils. （解释：当句首状语是否定词或者带有否定意义的词时，引

起部分倒装）

2. The plane roared over and the bombs came down which killed almost all the people in the village. (2004.4.65、2006.4.58、2008.7.62 同一道题考了3次竟然一个字母都不变~~)

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

→ The plane roared over and down came the bombs which killed almost all the people in the village. （当句首状语为方位词，谓语动词为

come，go等表示位置变化的动态动词时，用全部倒装）

3. He had no sooner sent out the message than the reply came. (2006.7.66)

→No sooner had he sent out the message than the reply came. （解释：当句首状语是否定词或者带有否定意义的词时，引起部分倒装） 4. She had hardly entered the room when the phone started to ring. (2007.7.66)

→Hardly had she entered the room when the phone started to ring. （解释：当句首状语是否定词或者带有否定意义的词时，引起部分倒装） 6. I have never been there before. (2010.7.71)

→Never have I been there before. （解释：当句首状语是否定词或者带有否定意义的词时，引起部分倒装） 7. The girls were talking noisily when the teacher walked in. (2004.7.60)

→Noisily were the girls taking when the teacher walked in. 【当方式状语或频度状语（frequently, oftem）移至句首时引起部分倒装】 8. There was a sudden gust of wind and his hat went away. (2011.7.68)

→There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat. （当句首状语为方位词，谓语动词为come，go等表示位置变化的动态动词时，

用全部倒装）

Chapter 16 Cohesion 连接纽带（就是加强句子与句子之前的连贯性，英文写作的必备知识！！考纲里解释得很详细，而且这些方法都是平

常经常用到的，比较好理解！认真阅读考纲p115-119）

这种句型基本上是考试必考

Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:

1. Check out the weather at your destination. If you do not check out the weather at your destination, things can be very embarrassing. (2000.4.65、2003.4.67、2007.7.68、2010.4.72)

→ Check out the weather at your destination. If not, things can be very embarrassing.

11. If John wants to marry Mary soon, he shouldn’t quarrel with Mary over such a trivial matter. (2008.4.54-2) → If John wants to marry Susan soon, he shouldn’t quarrel with her over such a trivial matter.

12. If you travel often, keep a collection of necessities pre-packed. Keeping a collection of necessities pre-packed will give you time to pare the nonessentials. (2001.4.65、2006.7.68、2009.4.65-1)

→ If you travel often, keep a collection of necessities pre-packed. That will give you time to pare the nonessentials.)

14. If you mark your luggage conspicuously, other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage. (2008.4.54-1) → If you mark your luggage conspicuously, other passengers will not mistake it with their own.

13. To guard against lost luggage, buy brightly colored luggage or wrap bags with a belt so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage. (2003.4.68、2004.4.68、2011.7.71)

→…..so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own.

2. He sold his old house and bought a new house the next day. (2000.4.66、2005.4.68) → He sold his old house and bought a new one the next day.

3. The old people are retiring and the younger people are taking over. (2005.4.69、2005.7.57) → The old people are retiring and the younger ones are taking over.

4. The limited seats should be given to old people and the younger people are advised to stand for a while. (2007.4.69) →The limited seats should be given to old people and the younger ones are advised to stand for a while.

6. A: Can I have these apples, Mum? (2002.4.68、2006.4.57) （Rewrite the following sentence using substitution 替代） B: You just had a big apple. → B: You just had a big one.

7. Keep the big apples in the basket and eat the small apples first. (2008.7.64) → Keep the big apples in the basket and eat the small ones first.

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历届英语自学考试改写句子部分

8. Those who most deserve defeat rarely seem to suffer defeat. (2011.7.70) →Those who most deserve defeat rarely seem to suffer it

9. He lost his old bike so he bought a new bike the next day. (2008.4.54-3) → He lost his old bike so he bought a new one the next day.

10. A: John is going to marry Susan once he gets consent from her parents. (2003.4.69、2005.7.59) B: In that case, John shouldn't be quarrelling with her parents all the time. →B: In that case, he shouldn't be quarrelling with them all the time. 15. A: Have you finished whitewashing the fence? (2000.4.67)

B: Not yet, but I promise I will finish whitewashing the fence in the afternoon. → B: Not yet, but I promise I will do/do so/do that/do it in the afternoon.

16. My wife and I are going to dine out this evening. In fact, we dine out every weekend. (2001.4.66) →... In fact, we do it/so every weekend.

17. A: He promised to come here on time. (2004.4.67、2005.7.59) B: Yes, I know that he promised to come here on time. → B: Yes, I know.

18. A: Tiss went to India this winter. (2008.7.66)

B: Yes, I know that he went to India this winter. → B: Yes, I know.

19. I learned to pack light early in life. I had to pack light early in life. (2002.4.69、2009.4.65-3) →I learned to pack light early in life. I had to do it.

20. I learned to speak English early in life. I had to learn early in life. (2011.4.72) →I learned to speak English early in life. I had to do it.

21. Jane leaned to take care of herself after divorce. Jane had to take care of herself after divorce. (2006.7.67) →Jane leaned to take care of herself after divorce. Jane had to do it.

22. Although I do not have the guts to swim in the ocean this time. I promise I will swim in the ocean next time. (2008.7.65)

→ Although I do not have the guts to swim in the ocean this time. I promise I will do it next time. 23. A: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School? (2002.4.67、2007.4.67)

B: No, I don’t think John is trying to enter Harvard Law School. He hates lawyers. →B: No, I don’t think so, for/as/because he hates lawyers.

24. My wife and I take a walk after supper this evening. In fact, we take a walk every evening. (2007.4.68) →My wife and I take a walk after supper this evening. In fact, we do it every evening.

25. I inherited those skills from my father. Those skills have been put to the test. (2004.4.69、2009.4.65-2) → I inherited those skills from my father and those skills have been put to the test. 26. I inherited some skills from my mother. Those skills have been put to the test. (2009.7.72)

→I inherited some skills from my mother, which have been put to the test.

【解析】这里是两个不同主语的句子，要使句子之间连贯，方法有：照应、替代、省略、过度、重复、平行。根据这两个句子之间的

关系，可选用替代。用which 引导的一个非限定性定语从句即可。【点题】本题考查第十六章连贯。

27. My wife was hit by a car. My wife was sent to hospital. (2007.7.67) →My wife was hit by a car and She was sent to hospital.

28. The professor stepped into the classroom and he opened his book and then began to talk. (2010.7.71)

→The professor stepped into the classroom, opened his book and then began to talk.

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