英语阅读 - 图文

阅读范围（选词填空，信息匹配，常规阅读） Passage one

NYU‘s campus is literally without walls, drawing its spirit from a global city with an entrepreneurial bent, a diversity of human life, and resources that include some of the world‘s most famous cultural institutions and most valued professional opportunities. Albeit untraditional, NYU is primarily located in Manhattan‘s Greenwich Village and downtown Brooklyn where there‘s no doubt that the neighborhoods feel like a community. Many of NYU‘s academic and administrative buildings and freshman residence halls border Washington Square Park. The sidewalks are full of students on their way to class, and members of the NYU community fill the restaurants, shops, and other businesses. Both on campus and off, the people of NYU are directly involved in the day-to-day excitement, culture, and opportunity of the city that serves as a very real extension of NYU‘s campus and classrooms.

Off campus, professors bring the experience they have as researchers and active professionals to their students. In addition to teaching, they serve as advisers to city government, banks, and school systems; consultants to museums and corporations; and working artists, choreographers, and film directors. Their professional experience informs their style of teaching and encourages students to make use of the extraordinary resources of the city through networking, research, internships, part-time jobs, and service learning.

On campus, NYU offers countless way to connect with other members of the University community. With over 400 student clubs and organizations, hundreds of sports and residence hall activities, guest lectures and film screenings, and city excursions and community service opportunities, students get involved with the University, with their college, in their residence hall, and most important, with each other.

Students and faculty have access to an exceptional range of facilities, services, residence halls, and dining locations. Academic facilities include nine libraries as well as dozens of specialized centers and institutes. Everyone has access to advanced computer resources and specialized offices that address almost every need—from medical attention to discount theatre tickets.

纽约大学的校园就是没有墙，从一个企业家的弯曲的全球城市画它的精神，一种人类生活的多样性，和资源，包括一些世界上最著名的文化机构和最有价值的职业发展机会。尽管是非传统的，纽约大学是位于曼哈顿的格林威治村和布鲁克林市中心，毫无疑问，感觉像是一个社区的社区。许多纽约大学的学术与行政大楼和新生宿舍边境的华盛顿广场公园。人行道上满是对他们的方式来上课的学生，以及纽约大学社区成员填写的餐馆，商店，和其他企业。无论是在校内外，纽约大学的人直接参与日常的兴奋，文化，以及作为纽约大学的校园和教室的一个非常现实的延伸，城市的机会。

校外，教授把他们作为研究者和积极的专业学生的经验。除了教学之外，他们作为顾问，市政府，银行，和学校系统；顾问和企业博物馆；和工作的艺术家，舞蹈家，和电影导演。他们的专业经验告诉他们的教学方式，鼓励学生通过网络，研究实习，兼职工作，利用城市的特殊资源，服务学习。

在校园里，纽约大学提供了无数的方式与大学其他社区成员连接。有超过400个学生俱乐部和组织，体育和宿舍的活动上，嘉宾讲座、电影放映，与城市游览和社区服务的机会，让学生参与大学，与他们的大学，在他们的住所，最重要的是，彼此。

学生和教师都获得一个特殊的范围内的设施，服务，宿舍和餐厅的位置。教学设施包括九个图书馆以及专业机构几十。每个人都有先进的计算机资源和专门的办公室，地址，几乎每一个需要医疗关注折扣戏票。

Passage Two

Luis Prado has created what he hopes will become the international symbol for global warming. He's one of many designers contributing icons to an online bank of icons called the Noun Project.The creators of the Noun Project think it could one day contain an icon for every noun, which is a tall order.

But we are already surrounded by icons in the modern world. Pictorial instructions appear on everything from instant noodles to emergency exits. And of course, modern computers and smartphones are unthinkable without a screenful of icons.

It's hard to imagine now, but early computers didn't have them. They used 'command line interfaces': lines of written commands scrolling down the screen. The virtual desktop with icons we know today was created by Xerox in the 1970s. They established conventions we still use: a document was symbolised by a blank sheet of paper with one corner folded, a directory was a card folder with a tab on top, a picture of a trash can meant 'delete' and a closed envelope indicated an unread email.

As technology improved, it was possible to move away from the early, simple black and white signs to full colour and more realistic images. But we still love the simple when it comes to icons. All the designs on the Noun Project site are clean black and white line drawings, and there are nostalgic fan sites dedicated to old-school computer icons from the 70s and 80s.

But things are harder for designers today. Modern devices have many functions and require more icons, making it harder to avoid confusion. Take the arrow. It's an old and well-used symbol but in a modern operating system, an arrow can mean drop down menu, undo, redo, sort, cursor, play video, change text direction and move to next item - to name just a few uses.

It's clear we need icons more than ever. So what makes a successful one? As well as simple lines and unique shape, an icon needs to be universal, so plays on words don't work well. An early Apple icon of a cat meaning copy (from the English 'copycat') was soon dropped because it was confusing to non-English speakers. But it might be impossible to be truly international. Most computers indicate time passing from left to right, with the past on the left and the future on the right. That's logical for English speakers, but not for people who write right to left like Arabic speakers.

路易斯普拉多创造了什么，他希望将成为全球变暖的国际符号。他是许多设计师的图标，在线银行贡献图标称为名词名词的项目。项目的创造者想某一天它可以包含所有的名词的一个图标，这是一个高阶。

但是我们已经在现代世界的图标包围。图案的指示出现在从方便面到紧急出口的一切。当然，现代电脑和智能手机是不可想像的一屏图标。

现在很难想象，但早期的计算机没有他们。他们使用的命令行接口：书面命令向下滚动屏幕线。虚拟桌面图标我们知道今天是上世纪70年代由施乐公司创造的。他们建立了公约，我们仍然使用：一个文件，以一张空白的纸的一个角折，目录的顶端有一个标签卡文件夹，图片的一个垃圾桶意味着'删除'和一个封闭的信封显示未读邮件。

随着技术的改进，它是可能的远离早期，简单的黑色和白色的标志，全彩色和更逼真的图像。但我们仍然爱简单的谈到图标。在名词项目现场所有的设计都是干净的黑色和白色的线图，有怀旧的粉丝网站老学校的计算机图标从70年代和80年代。

但事情比今天的设计师。现代的设备具有多种功能，需要更多的图标，很难避免混乱。带箭头。这是一个古老的和使用的符号在现代操作系统，一个箭头可以下拉菜单，撤消，重做，排序，光标，播放视频，改变文本方向和移动到下一个项目-仅举几例应用。

很明显，我们需要比以往更多的图标。是什么让一个成功的人？以及简单的线条和形状独特，一个图标，需要通用的，所以对话不工作。一只猫意义复制早期的苹果图标（从英国―山寨‖）很快下降，因为它是非英语母语的人迷惑。但这不可能是真正的国际。大多数的计算机显示时间从左到右，左边和右边的过去未来。对于英语为母语的人的逻辑，但不为人写左右像阿拉伯语。

Passage Three

Another graduation ceremony has come and gone, and Chauncey Woodard is still a student at the University of Alabama. He came to UA in the spring of 2008 after some time in community college, expecting to spend, at most, four years at the school. After being forced to take a semester off in 2010 to save up more money for his education, he expects to graduate in August 2013 at the earliest.

“For me to get my education, I either have to go deep in debt or drag it out like I‘m doing now,‖ Woodard, a construction-engineering major, says. ―You get to see a lot of people move on, and you‘re still here. That kind of gets to you around graduation.‖

Woodard‘s not alone in extending his university studies beyond a typical senior year. While undergraduate education is typically billed as a four-year experience, many students, particularly at public universities, actually take five, six or even more years to attain a degree. According to the

Department of Education, fewer than 40% of students who enter college each year graduate within four years, while almost 60% of students graduate in six years. At public schools, less than a third of students graduate on time.

“It‘s a huge issue for society,‖ says Matthew Chingos, an author of Crossing the Finish Line: Completing College at America‘s Public Universities. ―It‘s a huge issue for the individual students who are spending more money on tuition than they need to. The longer they wait to graduate and get a job, those are extra years of their careers when they‘re in college and not working and not making money.‖ Chingos points out that delayed graduation at public schools also affects taxpayers who are subsidizing students‘ education.

Reasons for delaying graduation are numerous. For students who choose to participate in co-ops or internships during the school year, it can be tough to fit in all the necessary courses. Overcrowded classes can make it impossible for students to fulfill degree requirements in a timely manner. And the common practice of changing majors midway through college can make a four-year degree impractical.

For schools themselves, there are advantages to shuttling students through efficiently. Four-year graduation rates can affect colleges‘ national rankings, which are used heavily in recruiting students. A shorter time to degree also means more students receive an education from a given school, and it can potentially mean a less crowded campus.

另一个毕业典礼来了又走了，我们的食物仍在阿拉巴马大学的学生。他来到UA 2008春季在社区学院后的一段时间，愿意花费，最多，在学校的四年。被迫接受一个学期在2010来节省更多的钱为他的教育后，他希望毕业于2013八月在最早的。

―我让我的教育，我要么去深深的债务或拖出来，就像我现在做的，‖伍德，建筑工程专业，说。―你会看到很多人继续前进，你还在这里。那种让你毕业了。‖ 是不是一个人在延长他的大学研究超出了典型的高中。本科教育是通常称为四年的经验，许多学生，尤其是公立大学，实际上需要五，六甚至更多年达到一个程度。根据教育部，比少的学生进入大学每年毕业四年内的40%，而几乎60%的学生在六年内毕业。在公立学校，学生毕业时间小于三分之一。

―这是社会的一个巨大的问题，说：‖马琴哥斯，一个冲过终点线的作者：完成在美国的公立大学。―这是个别学生花更多的钱的学费比他们需要一个巨大的问题。他们等待的时间越长毕业并找到一份工作，那是额外的年她们的职业生涯是在学校的工作，没有不赚钱。‖琴哥斯指出延迟毕业于公立学校也会影响纳税人资助学生的教育。

延迟毕业的原因是多方面的。学生选择参加合作社或实习的在校期间，它可以适应所有必要的课程艰难。拥挤的类可以不让学生及时完成学位要求。和共同的做法，改变专业在大学可以使一个四年的学位是不切实际的。

学校有自己，穿梭于学生通过有效的优势。四年的毕业率会影响高校国家的排名，这是用来大量招募学生。一个短时间的程度也意味着更多的学生接受教育从一个给定的学校，它可能意味着一个不太拥挤的校园。

Passage Four

The expression \gets its meaning from the fireworks that people shoot into the sky when they are celebrating a great event. Rockets explode to fill the dark, night sky with bright reds and blues, with yellows and greens and whites.

The expression also means a great show of noisy anger, or something exciting. For example, a defense lawyer in a court trial may become very emotional in arguing with the government lawyer about evidence affecting the accused. The judge finally stops the loud argument and calls the two lawyers forward. He tells them, \

Another kind of fireworks can be any event or activity that is especially exciting. One such event is falling in love. If anything can produce fireworks, it is a sweetheart's kiss or the touch of a lover's hand. Often movie or television cartoons show fireworks to represent the excitement of a kiss.

People use the expression fireworks throughout the year. But if you live in the United States and want to see real fireworks, the best time of the year is about now. The Fourth of July is Independence Day in the United States. Americans traditionally celebrate their nation's freedom with giant public parties and fireworks at night.

In Washington, for example, large crowds gather near the Washington Monument to listen to music and watch a huge fireworks show. In other cities and smaller towns, local people listen to band concerts and watch fireworks explode in a dark sky.

Many other countries around the world also enjoy the tradition of exploding fireworks on special days. In Australia, the city of Sydney begins each new year with a fireworks show at midnight. China is the birthplace of fireworks. Large fireworks shows were held often during earlier times in China. Now, people use small fireworks to help celebrate weddings and birthdays.

France also has a great fireworks tradition. A large fireworks show always takes place on Bastille day which celebrates the beginning of the French Revolution. The French city of Cannes holds an international fireworks competition each year in July and August.

In India, people have been using fireworks for more than five hundred years. A great Indian fireworks show takes place during the religious celebration of Diwali, every autumn.

Fireworks shows are popular around the world. But if I do not end this program right now, there will be fireworks from my producer.

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