Holland thinks that career development involves the relationship between a person and his or her environment; he also believes that both biology and environmental influences, such as family and culture, play a role in career interests. Furthermore, he thinks that people develop an interest in certain jobs based on the fixed ideas that surround them. A college student, for example, may be interested in becoming a doctor after learning about the six-figure salary and high level of respect typically associated with such a profession. According to Dr. Colby Srsic, a counseling psychologist in Worthington, Ohio, the beliefs people hold about jobs can actually be projective and provide job-seekers with related information about certain career paths.
As people develop interests in certain jobs, they begin to represent one of Holland’s six person types. In fact, Holland believes that all people can be classified as one of the following types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. Each person typically has a primary “type,” which shows where his or her interests lie in. People must also consider their secondary “types.” A person may, for example, score high on the realistic scale, but also score relatively high on the enterprising scale. Both “types,” then, should be taken into consideration when he or she engages in career-planning. A person who chooses a career that is compatible with his or her specific type(s) is more likely to be successful. In other words, a social person who is employed in social job will understandably be more successful than a social person working in a job classified as conventional. Individuals in careers, which are their interests, are also more satisfied in their jobs, in addition to being higher-achieving and more stable than those whose jobs do not suit their interests, according to Srsic.
Each “type” has specific personality traits, and has jobs related to it. Realistic people prefer jobs that involve physical skill and coordination. They tend to avoid work that requires communication, and they are often not fond of theory and research. They prefer to complete their work and solve hands-on problems. Farmers, electricians, heavy equipment operators, industrial arts teachers, and coaches tend to be realistic.
On the contrary, investigative individuals prefer to analyze researches and solve logical problems. They tend to have a strong interest in the sciences, including both biological and social sciences. The following jobs are considered to be investigative: chemical engineer, college professor, pharmacist, and marine scientist.
Artistic individuals are independent, and they value self-expression. They tend to be emotional and dislike structure, valuing creativity and aesthetics. Film editor, journalist, musician, interior designer, and photographer are artistic careers.
Similar to artistic people, social individuals are helping, kind, and sympathetic toward others. They value close relationships and enjoy teaching, and giving advice. Examples of social jobs include social worker, special education teacher, and minister.
Unlike social individuals, those who are classified as enterprising tend to be involved in the business world. They seek fame and status and are typically confident. They are known as leaders, and may be interested in the following types of jobs: lawyer, marketing specialist, and insurance agent.
Also found in the business world, conventional people tend to be orderly and committed to their work. Completely unlike artistic people, those who are described as conventional often value structure, self-control, and organization. The following careers are suitable for conventional individuals: accountant, office manager, and mathematics teacher.
Many people can predict their “type” simply by reading descriptions, but for a more detailed analysis, individuals unsure about their ideal career can take a professional test such as the Strong Interest Inventory or visit a career counseling center on a college campus. Free career tests are also available on-line.
选择合适的职业生涯可以是一个艰巨的任务，但是荷兰的理论可以提供一路上帮助。了解他的理论和不同的职业。选择职业生涯似乎是可怕的，尤其是当经济衰退使找工作的过程。有些人可能是他们想要做什么，不确定，而其他人只是想摆脱无聊的工作，找到一份工作，他们真正感兴趣。幸运的是，约翰荷兰的理论关于职业选择为年轻人提供合适的职业途径。
荷兰认为，职业生涯的发展涉及到一个人和他或她的环境之间的关系；他还认为，生物和环境的影响，如家庭和文化中扮演一个角色，职业兴趣。此外，他认为，人的发展在一定的工作基础上的固定的想法围绕着他们的兴趣。例如，可以在大学的学生，学习六位数的薪水和尊重通常与这样一个行业相关的高水平是成为一名医生感兴趣的。据医生科尔比srsic，沃辛顿，俄亥俄州的一个咨询心理学家的信仰的人，关于工作实际上可以投射和求职者提供具有一定的职业生涯路径相关的信息。
当人们发展某些工作的利益，他们开始代表荷兰的一个六人的类型。事实上，荷兰认为，所有的人都可以分为下列类型之一：现实，调查，艺术，社会，积极进取，与常规。每个人通常有一个主‖式，―这表明他或她的利益所在。人们还必须考虑他们的二次型‖。―一个人可以，例如，在现实的评分高，但也比比较高的企业规模。―类，‖然后，应考虑他或她所从事的职业生涯规划。一个人选择职业，与他或她的特定类型兼容的（S）更可能成功。换句话说，一个社会的人谁是在社会工作将理解比一个社会人在工作列为常规的工作更成功。个人的职业生涯，这是他们的兴趣，也更满意他们的工作，除了是更好和更稳定的比那些不做其工作满足他们的利益，根据srsic。
每个―型‖具有特定的人格特质，具有与它相关的工作。现实的人喜欢工作，包括身体协调能力。他们倾向于避免需要沟通工作，他们往往不喜欢理论与研究。他们宁愿去完成他们的工作，解决实际问题。农民，工人，重型设备操作员，工艺美术教师，教练往往是现实的。
相反，调查个人偏好分析研究和解决逻辑问题。他们往往在科学领域的强烈兴趣，包括生物和社会科学。接下来的工作是调查：化学工程师，大学教授，药剂师，和海洋科学家。
个人的艺术是独立的，和他们的价值的自我表达。他们往往是情绪和厌恶的结构，创新和美学价值。电影编辑，记者，音乐家，室内设计师，摄影师和艺术生涯。 类似于艺术的人，社会的人帮助，善良，同情他人。他们的价值和享受教学的密切关系，并提出意见。社会工作的例子包括社会工作者，特殊教育教师和牧师。 不同于社会的人，那些被归类为创业往往涉及商业世界。他们追求名利和地位，是典型的自信。他们被称为领袖，并可在以下类型的工作感兴趣：律师，营销专家，保险代理人。
还发现在商业世界中，传统的人往往是有序的，致力于自己的工作。完全不同于艺术的人，那些被称为传统的常值结构，自我控制，和组织。以下的职业传统的人是合适的：会计，办公室经理，和数学的老师。
许多人可以预测他们的―类型‖仅仅通过阅读的描述，但一个更详细的分析，个人对自己理想的职业不确定可以采取专业测试如浓厚兴趣的库存或访问大学校园里的一个职业咨询中心。免费的职业测试，也可在线。
Passage Thirteen
Building a Career
Today, and more than ever, most people are responsible for building their own careers.
Whether you are just starting, or you have several years of experience, these paragraphs might help you advance your career. The 9 most important career planning tips is listed below:
1. Never Stop Learning
Life-long learning is your keyword. The world is constantly changing, and everybody is looking for new ways of doing business. If you have decided that your current skills are good enough, you have also decided that your current job is good enough. But if you want a career in the future, you should regularly update your skills and knowledge. 2. Ask, Listen And Learn
A good listener can learn a lot. Listen to your co-workers, your boss, and your superiors. You can learn a lot from their experience. Ask about issues that interest you, and listen to what they say. Let them tell you about how things work, and what you could have done better. Most people will love to be your free tutor. 3. Fulfill Your Current Job
Your current job might be best place to start your career. If you do your job well and fulfill your responsibilities, this is often the best way to start a new career. Talk to your employer about
things you can do. Suggest improvements. Offer your help when help is needed. In return ask for help to build a better career. It is often possible - right inside your own organization - especially if you have proved to be a helpful employee. 4. Build Your Network
Your next career step might appear from your contact network. Did you know that more than 50% of all jobs are got from contact networks? If you have a good contact network, it is also a good place to discover future careers, to explore new trends, and to learn about
new opportunities. Spend some time building new contacts, and don't forget to maintain the ones you already have. One of the best ways to get serious information from your network is to regularly ask your contacts how they are, what they do, and what is new about their careers. 5. Identify Your Current Job
Your current job should be identified, not assumed. Make sure you don't work with tasks you assume are important. This is waste of time and talent. When you start in a new job, talk to your employer about what you think is important. If you're not sure about what is most important, then ask him. And ask him again. Often you will be surprised about the differences between what you assume, and what is really important. 6. Identify Your Next Job
Your dream job must be identified. Before you start planning your future career, be sure you have identified your dream job. In your dream job, you will be doing all the things you enjoy, and none of the things you don't enjoy. What kind of job would that be? Do you like or dislike having responsibility for other employees. Do you like to work with technology or with people? Do you want to run your own business? Do you want to be an artist, a designer or a skilled engineer? A manager? Before building your future career your goal must be identified. 7. Prepare Yourself
Your dream might show up tomorrow. Be prepared. Don't wait a second. Update your CV now, and continue to update it regularly. Tomorrow your dream job may show up right before your nose. Prepare for it with a professional CV and be ready to describe yourself as a valuable object to anyone that will try to recruit you. If you don't know how to write a CV, or how to describe yourself, start learning it now. 8. Pick The Right Tools
Pick the tools you can handle. You can build your future career using a lot of different tools. You can add a lot to your career by studying books. Doing short time courses with certification tests might add valuable importance to your CV. And don't forget: Your current job is often the most valuable source of building new skills. Remember, don't pick a tool that is too heavy for you to handle!
9. Realize Your Dreams
Put your dreams into action. Don't let a busy job kill your dreams. If you have higher goals, put them into action now.
If you have plans about taking more education, getting a better job, starting your own company or something else, you should not use your daily job as a \get more and more busy, you will burn up your energy. If you have this energy, you should use it now, to realize your dreams.
建立职业生涯
今天，与以往相比，大多数人是负责建立自己的事业。不管你是刚刚开始，或者你有几年的经验，这些段落可以帮助你推进你的事业。9个最重要的职业生涯规划建议如下： 1。永远不要停止学习
终身学习是你的关键词。世界是不断变化的，每个人都在寻找新的经营方式。如果你认为你现在的技能是足够好，你还认为你目前的工作，已经足够好了。但如果你想在将来的职业生涯中，你应该定期更新你的技能和知识。 2。问，倾听和学习
一个好的听众可以学到很多。听你的同事，你的老板，和你的上司。你可以从他们的经验中学习很多。问一下你所感兴趣的问题，听他们说什么。让他们告诉你的东西如何工作的，你可以做得更好。大多数人会喜欢你的免费的导师。 3。满足你目前的工作
你目前的工作可能会开始你的职业生涯的最好的地方。如果你做好你的工作，履行你的职责，这往往是开始新的职业生涯的最好方式。请向您的雇主对你可以做的事情。改进建议。提供你的帮助的时候，需要帮助。回问的帮助。它往往是可能的-对组织内部的-特别是如果你已经被证明是一个有用的员工。 4。建立你自己的网络
你职业生涯的下一步可能会从你的联系网出现。你知道，超过50%的工作得到了接触网？如果你有一个好的联系网，它也是一个发现未来职业生涯的好地方，探索新的发展趋势，并学习新的机会。花点时间建立新的联系，不要忘了保持你已经拥有的。一个从网络中获取相关信息的最好方法是：联系他们，他们做了什么，什么是新的关于他们的职业生涯。 5。确定你当前的工作
你目前的工作应该是确定的，不承担。你一定不要用你认为重要的工作任务。这是浪费自己的时间和才华。当你开始一个新工作，和你的老板对你来说是最重要的。如果你不确定最重要的是什么，然后问他。然后再问他一次。通常你会在你承担的差异感到惊讶，和什么是真正重要的。 6。确认你的下一步工作
你梦想的工作必须确定。在你开始规划你未来的职业生涯，可以肯定你已经确定你梦想的工作。在你梦想的工作，你会做所有你想做的事，和你没有的东西不喜欢。那会是什么样的工作？你希望或不希望其他员工的责任。你喜欢与技术或与人工作吗？你想运行自己的业务？你想成为一个艺术家，设计师或熟练的工程师？一个经理？建筑你的未来职业目标必须确定之前。
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