析:在“ one of 复数名词+定语从句”结构中,定语从句的先行词是复数名词,故谓语动词要用复数形式;在“ the(only)one of 复数名词+定语从句”结构中,先行词是 one ,故谓语动词要用单数形式。
四、误省略了定语从句中做主语的关系代词
关系词在定语从句中充当宾语(作介词宾语且前置时除外),一般可以省略,做主语等其他成分一般不省略。
误:Children eat a lot of sugar often have had teeth.
正:Children who/ that eat a lot of sugar often have had teeth.
析:应加上关系代词who或that, 因为从句缺少主语,且主语不能省略。
五、认不清分隔现象
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,但有些时候是因为特殊需要,把先行词与定语从句分离,增加难度,以此来考查学生对基础知识和语法结构的辨析能力。
常见的分隔情况如下:
误:Miss Yang was the only girl in the office which had been invited to the party.
析:应把关系代词which改成who,因为先行词girl和定语从句被状语in the office隔开了。
六、与强调句型及其他句型的混合
在实际运用中,要分清到底是定语从句,还是并列句、状语从句、强调句或其它句型,然后再来确定关联词。例如
Mr Wu has two sons, and both of them are fond of playing golf.
Mr Wu has two sons, both of whom are fond of playing golf.
析:例1中 and连接的是并列句,不能用whom代替them。
例2去掉and,就必须用whom代替them构成定语从句。
It was last night that the terrible fire broke out.
析:这里是“It was+被强调部分+that... ”构成的强调句型,故连接词不用when。
You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.
析:此句应去掉at , 因为该句为where 引导的地点状语从句。
七、忽略as引导的定语从句
在中学英语中,as引导的定语从句必须掌握以下两个要点:
1. 用在the same… as和such… as结构中,as做主语或宾语。
例 I have the same mobile phone as you (have). (as做宾语)
同时,要区分such…as与such…that…的用法,在后者的结构中,that引导状语从句,且在从句中不做成分。
例 He is such a kind man that all of us like him. (从句主、宾语不缺,故用that,不用as。)
2. as 和 which 虽然都可引导非限制性定语从句,但仍有区别:as 有“正如;就像”之意,而 which 没有;as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中或句末,而 which 只能置于句末; 如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时,只能用 which 引导。 例As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China. =Taiwan is part of China, as / which is known to us all.字串9
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