八、“介词+宾格关系代词”结构中介词的误用与遗漏
当从句中使用的是不及物动词,且关系代词在句子中做宾语时,不及物动词后必须使用介词。介词可以置于关系代词之前,构成“介词+whom(指人),介词+ which(指物)” 结构,也可以用关系副词代替介词+关系代词。但是一些习惯性搭配或短语(如look for/ take care of/ look after等)中的介词不能与动词分开,属于固定搭配结构,故不能放在关系代词之前。例如:
正:Yesterday I went to the school which my father once worked in.
正:Yesterday I went to the school where my father once worked.
正:Yesterday I went to the school in which my father once worked.上述句子中in +which=where ,即定语从句中介词提前想象。
误:The baby after whom she is looking is very well.
正:The baby(whom/who/that) she is looking after is very well.
析:定语从句中谓语动词是固定的短语动词look after,介词after不能与动词look分开,因此介词for 不能提到关系代词前面。
九、丢掉定语从句的先行词
定语从句必须有先行词,否则就不是定语从句。
误:Is this farm we visited last week?
正:Is this farm the one we visited last week?或Is this the farm we visited last week?
析:该句中定语从句就缺少先行词,将句子还原为陈述句:①This farm is ____we visited last week.显然应加上the one作先行词。②This is the farm we visited last week. 此句中the farm为先行词,须加定冠词the。由此可见,学会分析句型是解决问题的关键。
误:This shop is that sells many kinds of mobile phones.
正:This shop is the one that sells many kinds of mobile phones.
析:该句中定语从句缺少先行词,显然应加上the one作先行词。可改为This is the shop that…. 理由同上。
[参考文献]
[1] 《定语从句常见错误例析》《英语知识》 2004年6月龚汉成
[2] 《定语从句易错点拾遗》英语辅导报高一版 04~05年度8期
[3] 《定语从句学习盲点阐述》《英语知识》2005年8期 朱姝
[4] 《几种特殊的定语从句浅析》《英语知识》2008年7期 王宝柱
[5] 《定语从句中“介词+关系代词”的三种情况》《英语知识》2009年10期 曹仁松
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