解剖学英汉名称对照

一、总 论

（一）解剖学分类 (Classification of Anatomy) anatomy 解剖学

human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学 systematic anatomy 系统解剖学

regional (topographic) anatomy, topology 局部解剖学 gross (macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学，巨视解剖学 microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学

macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学 sectional anatomy 断面解剖学

pathological (morbid) anatomy 病理解剖学 neuroanatomy 神经解剖学

chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学 developmental anatomy 发生(或发育) histologic anatomy 组织解剖学 histology 组织学 embryology 胚胎学 anthropology 人类学

（二）一般解剖学术语 (General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect (v.) 解剖，解剖标本 normality， normal (a.) 正常 abnormality , abnormal 异常 variation 变异

deformity, malformation 畸形 specimen 标本 model 模型

（三）方位术语 (Positional Terms) 1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势 2. 方位术语 (terms of direction) superior, upper 上 inferior, lower 下 anterior 前侧 posterior 后侧

ventral (dorsal) 腹(背)侧 medial (lateral) 内(外)侧 intermediate 中间

internal, interior, inner, inside 内 external, exterior, outer, outside 外 superficial 浅

deep, profound 深

proximal (distal) 近(远)侧 ulnar (radial) 尺(桡)侧 tibial (fibular) 胫(腓)侧 palmar 掌侧

plantar 足底 left 左 right 右 middle 中 median 正中

3. 轴和面 (Axes and Planes) axis (pl. axes),axial (a.) 轴

vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinal axis 垂直轴, 纵轴

coronal (frontal) axis 冠(额)状轴 sagittal axis 矢状轴 plane (平)面

horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面, 横平面

coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面 sagittal plane 矢状面

median sagittal plane 正中矢状面 transverse section 横切面 longitudinal section 纵切面 （四）人体的分部和分区

(Toponym and Zonation of the Human body) 1. 头 (Head) head头(的)

Skull，craniun，cranial (a.) 颅 front, frontal, region 额区 perietal region 顶区

occiput, occipital region 枕区 Face, facial (a.) 面

orbit, orbital region 眶区 nose, nasal region 鼻区 mouth, oral region 口区 chin, mental region 颌区 ear, auditory region 耳区 2. 颈 (Neck)

neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.) 颈

anterior region of neck, anterior of neck 颈前区 carotid triangle 颈动脉三角

muscular triangle 肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌 气管三角

sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区 supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角

posterior region of neck, nuchal region 颈 后区,项区

nape, nucha, nuchal (a.) 项

root of neck 颈根部 3. 躯干 (Trunk) trunk, truncus 躯干

Median anterior line 前正中线 sternal line 胸骨线

parasternal line 胸骨旁线 midclavicular line 锁骨中线

anterior (posterior) axillary line 腋前(后) 线

midaxillary line 腋中线 scapular line 肩胛线

median posterior line 后正中线 Back, dorsal 背

vertebral region 脊柱区 sacral region 骶区

scapular region 肩胛下区 lumbar region 腰

Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.) 胸 sternal region 胸骨(前)区 infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝 Abdomen, abdominal (a.) 腹 Hypochondriac 季肋区 epigastric region 腹上区

lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区 umbilical region 脐区

inguinal region, iliac region, 腹股沟区， 髂区

inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角，海氏三角 pubic region, hypogastric region 耻区， 腹下区

Pelvis,pelvic(a. ) 盆部

Perineum,perineal (a.) 会阴 anal region 肛区

urogenital region 尿生殖区 4. 四肢 (Limbs)

limbs, extremities 四肢

Upper limbs (extremities) 上肢 Shoulder 肩

axilla, axillary region 腋区 Free upper limb 自由上肢 arm,brachial (a.) 臂

anterior (posterior ) brachial region 臂前 (后)区

elbow, cubital, (a.) 肘

forearm, antebrachial (a.) 前臂

anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region 前 臂前(后)区

hand, manual (a.) 手 wrist, carpal (a.) 腕

palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.) 掌 back (palm) of hand 手背(掌) finger, digital (a.) 手指 thumb 拇指

index finger 示指 middle finger 中指 ring finger 环指 little finger 小指 Lower limb 下肢 hip, coxal (a.) 髋

buttock, gluteal region 臀区 Free lower limb 自由下肢

anterior (posterior) region of thigh 股前 (后)区

femoral triangle 股三角

medial region of thigh 股内侧区 knee, geniculate (a.) 膝

anterior (posterior) region of knee 膝前 (后)区

leg, crural (a.) 小腿

anterior (posterior) crural region 小腿前 (后)区

foot, pedal (a.) 足 dorsum of foot 足背

sole, planta (pl. plantae) 足底 toes 足趾

great toe 足母趾

二、各章解剖学词汇

* (一) 运动系统 (Locomotor System) 1．骨 学 (Osteology ) （1）概述

osteology 骨学 * bone，bony 骨

skeleton，skletal (a.) 骨骼

long (short，flat) bone 长(短，扁)骨 irregular bone 不规则骨 pneumatic bone 含气骨 sesamoid bone 籽骨，

shaft，diaphysis 骨干，骨体 bony(osseous)substance 骨质

compact(spongy)bone 骨密(松)质 trabeculae 骨小梁 periosteum (外)膜 endosteum 骨内膜 medullary 髓腔

red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓 （2）中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton) 躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)

* Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱 * vertebral canal 椎管

intervertebral foramen 椎间孔 cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral) curvature 颈(胸，腰，骶)曲 vertebra ( pl. vertebrae) 椎骨 vertebral body (arch) 椎体(弓) pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 vertebral foramen 椎孔 spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突

superior (inferior) articular process 上(下) 关节突

cervical vertebrae 颈椎 atlas 寰椎 axis 枢椎

prominent vertebrae 隆椎 thoracic vertebrae胸椎 lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 sacrum,sacral bone 骶骨 coccyx 尾骨

thoracic cavity 胸腔

superior (inferior) aperture of thorax 胸廓 上下口

costal arch 肋弓

intercostals space 肋间隙 infrasternal angle 胸骨下角 * ribs ,costa(costae) 肋 * sternum 胸骨

Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄 Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体) Xiphoid process 剑突 颅骨(skull)

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