基于单片机的数字时钟设计--外文翻译

Abstract Virtually complete charge transfer can be achieved with charge coupleddevices(CCDs)intheburiedchannelconfigurationbecausetheburiedchannelCCDintroduces no transfer noise. However, conventional charge detectors incorporatedinto CCDs have a comparably large noise, which consists of thermal noise and 1/fnoisefromMOS transistorin theoutputchargedetectors.

Chapter10

Low-NoiseElectronicImaging

withDouble-GateFETs

andCharge-ModulationDevices

YoshiyukiMatsunaga

AbstractVirtuallycompletechargetransfercanbeachievedwithchargecoupleddevices(CCDs)intheburiedchannelcon gurationbecausetheburiedchannelCCDintroducesnotransfernoise.However,conventionalchargedetectorsincorporatedintoCCDshaveacomparablylargenoise,whichconsistsofthermalnoiseand1/fnoisefromMOStransistorintheoutputchargedetectors.

HighlysensitivedoublegatechargedetectorsarepresentedinthischaptertoshowtheabilityofCCDlownoiseperformanceoflessthan1electronrmsatroomtemperatureandatvideofrequency.

Theconceptofdoublegatechargedetectioncanalternativelybeimplementedinapixelincorporatingachargemodulationdevice(CMD),reachingalsoaneffectivereadoutnoiseleveloflessthan1electronrms.Inpractice,theCMDshowslarger xed-patternnoisebehavior,necessitatingsupplementarysignalprocessingefforts.10.1Introduction

Chargecoupleddevices(CCDs)haveachievedvirtuallycompletechargetransferbyusingtheburied-channelcon guration,resultinginchargetransferinef cienciesoflessthan10 6.Also,theburied-channelCCDoperationintroducesnotransfernoise.However,conventionalchargedetectioncircuitsemployedinCCDshaveacomparativelylargenoise,whichconsistsofthermalnoiseand1=fnoisefrommetaloxidesemiconductor(MOS)transistorsinthechargedetectors[1].ThedetectornoisesourcesdegradetheCCDperformancesigni cantly.

Inthischapter,highlysensitivedouble-gatechargedetectordevicesarepresentedtoexploittheabilityofCCDlownoiseperformancewhichisoneofthemostimpor-tantcharacteristicsforimagesensorapplications.LowleakagecurrentCCDsensorswithalow-noisechargedetectorwillideallybealmostnoiselessphotosensorsInaddition,anewcharge-modulationimagepixelispresentedforapplicationsofthedouble-gatedetectors.

P.SeitzandA.J.P.Theuwissen(eds.),Single-PhotonImaging,

SpringerSeriesinOpticalSciences160,DOI10.1007/978-3-642-18443-7©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011219

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