基于单片机的数字时钟设计--外文翻译(11)

Abstract Virtually complete charge transfer can be achieved with charge coupleddevices(CCDs)intheburiedchannelconfigurationbecausetheburiedchannelCCDintroduces no transfer noise. However, conventional charge detectors incorporatedinto CCDs have a comparably large noise, which consists of thermal noise and 1/fnoisefromMOS transistorin theoutputchargedetectors.

10Low-NoiseElectronicImagingwithDouble-GateFETs

Fig.10.12Charge/voltage

conversioncharacteristics

1

Output voltage [V]22910-110-210

-3

10-4

1101102103104

Number of electrons

[electrons / packet]

Fig.10.13Noisespectraof

oatingsurfacedetectorin

resetoperationandintransfer

operation

rmsnoisevalue,withinthefrequencyrangeof10kHz–3.58MHz,is84 Vrmsatroomtemperature.

Thenoiselevelof84 Vrmsandasignaldutyratioof75%resultinaneffectivereadoutnoiseofaslowas0.5electron.Thus,thedynamicrangeisaswideas79dB.Inthesignalrangebelow20electrons,chargegenerationbyphotoelectricconversioneffectintheCCDwithweakincidentlightthroughaneutraldensity(ND) lterisinducedtoevaluatethedetector,asshowninFig.10.14.Injectionpacketsizeinthesensingchannelisknowninadvancebythismethod.Asignalpacketoftenelectronsismadebyinsertinga10 2ND lterinthelightpath.Thelightintensityissetsoastogenerate1,000electrons/packet,whichismeasuredusingthecurrentmeterinthe gure.Figure10.15ashowswaveformsoftheRSinputpulse,a¥1inputpulse,andtheresultantoutputsignal.Figure10.15bisa

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