我国地方政府公共政策有效执行的对策研究

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题 目：我国地方政府公共政策有效执行的对策研究

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我国地方政府公共政策有效执行的对策研究

内容摘要

地方政府公共政策执行的问题与对策研究内容提要政策执行作为将政策规定的内容转化为现实的过程，是实现公共政策目标的根本途径。政府对社会公共事务的管理正是通过公共政策及其有效执行而实现的。 现实中，我国地方政府公共政策执行活动“上有政策、下有对策”等偏差现象依然明显，存在一些失序失范及至政令不通、地方保护等现象，致使近年来行政效率低下、有令不行、有禁不止。究其原因，主要受公共政策本身、执行主体、 目标群体、执行环境等各多方面因素影响。本文通过地方政府在政策执行过程中出现的一些现实情况，运用政策执行相关理论，对其存在问题进行分析，并提出 了一些相应的对策，以期为地方政府的政策有效执行提供一些参考。

关键词：公共政策；执行力；研究；举措

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我国地方政府公共政策有效执行的对策研究

目 录

内容摘要 ········································································································································ I 引 言 ········································································································································· 1 1 公共政策概述 ·························································································································· 2 1.1 公共政策的概念及主要内容 ························································································ 2

1.1.1 公共政策的概念 ······························································································· 2 1.1.2 公共政策的主要内容 ························································································ 2 1.2 公共政策有效执行的必要性 ························································································ 3 1.3 公共政策有效执行的国内外现状及经验借鉴 ····························································· 3

1.3.1 公共政策有效执行的国內经验借鉴 ································································· 3 1.3.2 公共政策有效执行的国外经验借鉴 ································································· 4

2 我国地方政府公共政策有效执行面临的问题分析 ································································· 6

2.1 我国地方政府公共政策现状 ························································································ 6

2.3 我国地方政府公共政策有效执行面临问题的成因分析 ············································ 9 实现我国地方政府公共政策有效执行的举措 ······································································ 11

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3.1理顺关系，加强利益协调 ····························································································· 11

3.1.1合理配置权力 ····································································································· 11 3.2.2协调利益关系 ····································································································· 11 3.2科学评估，提高公共政策质量 ······················································································12

3.2.1加强政策制定的合法性、科学合理性 ·······························································12 3.2.2.建立健全政策评估制度 ·····················································································13 3.3规范行为，提高执行主体执行水平 ··············································································13

3.3.1提高执行主体素质 ·····························································································14 3.3.2.改善执行方式 ····································································································14 3.3.3.健全和落实责任追究制 ·····················································································15 3.4加强沟通，增强目标群体认同感 ··················································································15

3.4.1.建立民主参与机制·····························································································15 3.4.2.加强政策认同感 ································································································16 3.4.3提高目标群体综合素质 ······················································································16

结论与展望 ···································································································································17 参考文献 ······································································································································18

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我国地方政府公共政策有效执行的对策研究

引 言

公共政策执行过程是公共政策制定过程的“延续”，也是公共政策达到预期功效、解决实际不足的关键所在。但是在实践中，各级政府或者决策机构往往过于重视针对某个特定的社会公共不足来制定科学的、合理的公共政策，而容易忽视对公共政策的执行过程的科学系统的研究，进而造成公共政策执行过程的相对薄弱。尤其是在我国这样一个拥有庞大地方政府体系的国家，对地方政府公共政策执行的研究上还存在着很多不足，其公共政策执行的有效程度还不能完全满足社会发展对公共政策执行的要求。

本文对这些不足进行深层次的浅析浅析，以挖掘隐藏在这些不足背后的深刻理由，并在学习借鉴我国学者对正策执行研究的基础上，对我国地方政府公共政策执行的改善提出了对策，以形成我国有效的地方政府公共政策执行体制。

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我国地方政府公共政策有效执行的对策研究

1 公共政策概述

1.1 公共政策的概念及主要内容

1.1.1 公共政策的概念

公共行政学的创始人之一，伍德罗.威尔逊认为，公共政策是由政治家，即具有立法权者制定的，并由行政人员执行的法律和法规。加拿大学者戴维·伊斯顿认为，公共政策是对全社会的价值作有权威的分配。政策科学的主要倡导者和创立者，拉斯韦尔与卡普兰认为，公共政策是一种具有目标、价值与策略的大型计划。托马斯·戴伊认为，凡是政府决定做的或者不做的事情就是公共政策。美国学者弗兰克·费希尔在《公共政策评估》一书中指出“我们将公共政策界定为对一项行动的政治上的决议，目的在于解决或缓解那些政治日程上的诸如经济、社会、环境方面的问题。不论公共政策是通过政治辩论还是正式的投票来形成，都涉及到对要实现的目标以及实现这些目标的手段两个方面的问题。”而国内很多知名学者基于公共管理的理念，认为公共政策是公共权力机关经由政治过程所选择和制定的为解决公共问题、达成公共目标、以实现公共利益的方案。 1.1.2 公共政策的主要内容

公共政策包括5个要点: (l)公共政策主体

公共政策主体主要指的是参与或影响公共政策的制定、执行、评估的个人、团体或组织。主要包括执政党（中国共产党）、立法机关（人大、政协）、行政机关（政府）、司法机关（两院）、行政性事业单位、非政府公共组织、利益集团、公民、大众传媒和现代政策研究组织。

(2)公共政策目标

公共政策目标就是有关公共组织特别是政府为了解决有公共政策问题而采取的行动所达到的目的、指标和效果。公共政策目标首先是理想和现实的结合，它的目标体是价值选择的体现。公共政策的基本目标包括：增长、效率、稳定（充分就业、物价稳定、国际收支平衡）和公平。

(3)公共政策过程

公共政策过程有广义和狭义之分：广义是指从政策问题的确认开始，一直到政策评估和政策终结为止；狭义是指从确认政策目标到抉择政策方案的过程。前

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